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New York Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

Veterinarian

Professional license to practice veterinary medicine. Faculty and resident activities described in Education Law section 6705 are statutory exemptions, rather than separately issued veterinarian licenses.

Licensing authority: New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions; Board of Regents and State Board for Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Conditional registration — continuing education deficiency
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Continuing Education
Complete 45 acceptable hours per triennial period, no more than 22.5 through self-instructional coursework, with at least two hours on controlled substances; maintain continuing education records for six years.
Deficiency
Admit or attest to noncompliance, agree to remedy the deficiency, complete regular education at 1.25 hours per month, and complete additional education NYSED requires.
Duration
The conditional registration may not exceed one year and may not be renewed or extended.
Exemptions
First licensed registration period, declared inactive practice, and qualifying full-time teaching have statutory or regulatory exemptions; documented health, military duty or other good cause may support an adjustment.
Optional Examination
8 NYCRR section 62.8(c)(2)(ii)(b)(6) allows two continuing education hours in five years for passing an approved sponsor examination on New York veterinary laws. It does not identify a specific examination or require this credit method.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure by endorsement — existing license based on NBE without CCT
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Age
At least 21 years of age.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Character
Good moral character; prior professional disciplinary conduct is subject to Regents evaluation.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Citizenship
Education Law section 6506(6) specifies United States citizenship or lawful permanent residence; the broader implementing eligibility stated in 8 NYCRR section 59.4 also applies as described in the ordinary licensure conditions.
Education
Meet educational requirements under the Commissioner regulations and the requirements of Education Law section 6506(6).
Experience
At least two years of satisfactory professional experience following initial licensure under section 59.6; provide Forms 3 and 4 directly from the licensing authority and a qualified verifying veterinarian.
Prior Examination
Passing the discontinued NBE is prior evidence, not a current examination leaf. Applicants with NAVLE or NBE plus CCT instead use the acceptable examination pathway.
Prior License
Duly licensed veterinarian in good standing in the state of current licensure, originally licensed on NBE alone without CCT; NYSED states eligibility may be established by endorsement and acceptable experience.
Unsuccessful Examination
Section 59.6 bars endorsement after an unsuccessful New York licensing examination unless a comparable examination was later passed. The Board form limits this pathway to applicants who have not attempted CCT.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Initial licensure — accepted pre November 2000 NBE and CCT scores
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Age
At least 21 years of age.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Character
Good moral character as determined by the Department.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Citizenship Implementation
8 NYCRR section 59.4, effective June 1, 2016, states that otherwise qualified applicants are not denied authorization by citizenship or immigration status unless ineligible under applicable federal law, and includes specified lawfully present applicants and DACA relief. The Board implementing rule states this broader eligibility despite the statutory wording.
Citizenship Statute
Education Law section 6704(6) states United States citizenship or lawful permanent residence, with a discretionary three-year shortage-county waiver and up to one-year extension.
Education
Meet the Department-approved veterinary education requirements; unaccredited education remains subject to equivalence review and the applicable documentation requirements.
Examination History
NYSED accepts NAVLE or qualifying NBE plus CCT scores from the examinations offered before November 2000. NBE and CCT are historical score evidence, rather than current examination leaves.
Experience
Experience satisfactory to the Board under the applicable regulations.
Prior Examination
Both NBE and CCT were passed under New York standards; qualifying scores may be transferred by VIVA. Neither examination is currently offered.
Testing Approval
NYSED states that its advance approval is not required to sit NAVLE.
Waiver
Under Education Law section 6506(5) and 8 NYCRR section 24.7(a)(1), Regents may waive education, experience or examination requirements that have been substantially met; the waiver is discretionary.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Expedited licensure — qualifying relocated military spouse
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Military Status
Spouse of an active-duty United States armed forces, National Guard or reserve member transferred by the military to New York; submit an attestation and supporting documentation.
Prior License
Hold a license in good standing in another state whose licensure requirements NYSED determines substantially equivalent to New York requirements.
Review
NYSED issues the license on this statutory showing; no examination is specified by Education Law section 6501(2)(a). The initial licensure application fee is reduced by half under section 6501(2)(d).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reinstatement after temporary surrender for drug or alcohol incapacity
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Appearance
NYSED may require an appearance before staff or committee members.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Conditions
NYSED may impose treatment, monitoring, continuing professional education, supervision or practice limits to protect the public; pay applicable registration fees.
Treatment
Provide satisfactory evidence of sufficient treatment progress, compliance with imposed conditions, and fitness for active practice; NYSED consults the Committee for Professional Assistance.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Initial licensure — registered or accredited veterinary education
North American Veterinary Licensing Examination
Age
At least 21 years of age.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Character
Good moral character as determined by the Department.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Citizenship Implementation
8 NYCRR section 59.4, effective June 1, 2016, states that otherwise qualified applicants are not denied authorization by citizenship or immigration status unless ineligible under applicable federal law, and includes specified lawfully present applicants and DACA relief. The Board implementing rule states this broader eligibility despite the statutory wording.
Citizenship Statute
Education Law section 6704(6) states United States citizenship or lawful permanent residence, with a discretionary three-year shortage-county waiver and up to one-year extension.
Education
Doctoral degree in veterinary medicine from a Department-registered or acceptably accredited professional program.
Examination History
NYSED accepts NAVLE or qualifying NBE plus CCT scores from the examinations offered before November 2000. NBE and CCT are historical score evidence, rather than current examination leaves.
Experience
Experience satisfactory to the Board under the applicable regulations.
Testing Approval
NYSED states that its advance approval is not required to sit NAVLE.
Waiver
Under Education Law section 6506(5) and 8 NYCRR section 24.7(a)(1), Regents may waive education, experience or examination requirements that have been substantially met; the waiver is discretionary.
Triennial registration renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Continuing Education
Complete 45 acceptable hours per triennial period, no more than 22.5 through self-instructional coursework, with at least two hours on controlled substances; maintain continuing education records for six years.
Exemptions
First licensed registration period, declared inactive practice, and qualifying full-time teaching have statutory or regulatory exemptions; documented health, military duty or other good cause may support an adjustment.
Optional Examination
8 NYCRR section 62.8(c)(2)(ii)(b)(6) allows two continuing education hours in five years for passing an approved sponsor examination on New York veterinary laws. It does not identify a specific examination or require this credit method.
Registration
License remains valid for life unless revoked, annulled or suspended; submit renewal application and fee and certify compliance with continuing education or an exemption or adjustment.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Return to practice — continuous lawful practice in another jurisdiction
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Continuing Education
Complete 45 acceptable hours per triennial period, no more than 22.5 through self-instructional coursework, with at least two hours on controlled substances; maintain continuing education records for six years.
Exemptions
First licensed registration period, declared inactive practice, and qualifying full-time teaching have statutory or regulatory exemptions; documented health, military duty or other good cause may support an adjustment.
Lapse
Complete education owed for the last registered period and 1.25 hours for each month of lapsed registration up to 45 hours; complete the latter in the new period or, at the licensee's option, during the period beginning 36 months before the new period and ending with that new period; obtain registration before New York practice.
Optional Examination
8 NYCRR section 62.8(c)(2)(ii)(b)(6) allows two continuing education hours in five years for passing an approved sponsor examination on New York veterinary laws. It does not identify a specific examination or require this credit method.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Return to practice — no continuous lawful practice during registration lapse
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Continuing Education
Complete 45 acceptable hours per triennial period, no more than 22.5 through self-instructional coursework, with at least two hours on controlled substances; maintain continuing education records for six years.
Exemptions
First licensed registration period, declared inactive practice, and qualifying full-time teaching have statutory or regulatory exemptions; documented health, military duty or other good cause may support an adjustment.
Lapse
Complete continuing education owed for the period registered before the lapse and 1.25 hours for each month of lapsed registration, up to 45 hours, in the 12 months before the new period; obtain the registration certificate before resuming practice.
Optional Examination
8 NYCRR section 62.8(c)(2)(ii)(b)(6) allows two continuing education hours in five years for passing an approved sponsor examination on New York veterinary laws. It does not identify a specific examination or require this credit method.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Initial licensure — equivalent unaccredited veterinary education
North American Veterinary Licensing Examination
Age
At least 21 years of age.
Application
Submit the applicable application and required supporting documents and fee to NYSED.
Character
Good moral character as determined by the Department.
Child Support
General Obligations Law section 3-503 requires a Social Security number and sworn child-support statement; noncompliant applicants may receive a six-month authorization pending an updated qualifying certification.
Citizenship Implementation
8 NYCRR section 59.4, effective June 1, 2016, states that otherwise qualified applicants are not denied authorization by citizenship or immigration status unless ineligible under applicable federal law, and includes specified lawfully present applicants and DACA relief. The Board implementing rule states this broader eligibility despite the statutory wording.
Citizenship Statute
Education Law section 6704(6) states United States citizenship or lawful permanent residence, with a discretionary three-year shortage-county waiver and up to one-year extension.
Clinical Experience
Work experience alone is not accepted as the clinical education requirement.
Clinical Training
Applicants beginning professional education after September 1, 2025 must demonstrate at least 130 weeks of direct instruction plus 40 weeks of hands-on clinical instruction under the NYSED instructions.
Ecfvg
ECFVG certification is strongly recommended, rather than mandatory. AVMA may forward the certificate; without it, submit Forms 2, 2PPE and 2CT for Department evaluation. The state evidence names certification rather than individual ECFVG examinations.
Education
Doctoral degree or Department-determined equivalent plus combined prerequisite and professional study comparable to a registered or accredited program.
English
Applicants with education credits from a country where English is not the principal language must demonstrate English proficiency through a Department-acceptable English test or a Department-acceptable licensing examination given in English.
Examination History
NYSED accepts NAVLE or qualifying NBE plus CCT scores from the examinations offered before November 2000. NBE and CCT are historical score evidence, rather than current examination leaves.
Experience
Experience satisfactory to the Board under the applicable regulations.
Testing Approval
NYSED states that its advance approval is not required to sit NAVLE.
Waiver
Under Education Law section 6506(5) and 8 NYCRR section 24.7(a)(1), Regents may waive education, experience or examination requirements that have been substantially met; the waiver is discretionary.

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources