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New Jersey Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

License to practice veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry

Ordinary veterinary license, with biennial registration. Clinical board certification is an applicant qualification for statutory waiver under N.J.S.A. 45:16-7.2(a)1; the license issued is the license defined in N.J.S.A. 45:16-5.

Licensing authority: New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Routine active biennial renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Complete 20 continuing-education credits in the preceding biennium, including at least 17 in surgery, medicine or dentistry, no more than four solely in business management, and one on prescription opioid risks, abuse, addiction and diversion. A person licensed in the second year completes 10 credits. The Board may grant an individual hardship waiver; apply in writing at least 90 days before renewal. Up to two credits may be obtained through qualifying volunteer veterinary service.
Existing license
Hold an ordinary veterinary license; this routine active renewal route excludes the separate case of cessation of practice for more than three years in N.J.S.A. 45:16-9.4.
Facility information
Report qualifying practice facilities, legal organization and principals as required by N.J.S.A. 45:16-9.4.
Period and fee
Biennial renewal application and the renewal fee before expiration.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Expedited reciprocal licensure during a declared emergency
New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)
Authorization
A gubernatorial state or public-health emergency and Attorney General approval are necessary; the Board may choose expedited licensure of a holder of a corresponding license in good standing elsewhere.
Term and supervision
The Board may prescribe duration, terms and supervision; the statute establishes the conditional pathway without establishing that an emergency waiver has been exercised for this applicant.
Waivers
N.J.S.A. 45:1-7.6 permits temporary waiver of background checks, equivalence, fees and any other licensure requirements, including the otherwise-applicable reciprocity orientation. The waiver is an applicant condition.
Initial licensure — accredited veterinary education
Application
Submit the Board online application, application fee, photographs, official transcript and score verification; complete criminal-history authorization and fingerprinting. The current applications page requires online filing; the pinned paper packet is older implementing material.
Character
The Board may refuse licensure for a violation of N.J.S.A. 45:1-21.
Citizenship
The current Board FAQ states that all individuals, regardless of citizenship status, may be licensed, undocumented individuals are eligible and a social security number is not required. The contrary older paper application language is superseded.
Education
A veterinary degree from an AVMA-accredited college or university; an applicant expecting that degree in the current academic year may qualify to take the orientation, but N.J.S.A. 45:16-7 prohibits licensure before graduation.
Legacy scores
The rule also names NBE and CCT. ICVA confirms they were replaced by NAVLE in November 2000; these discontinued examinations are prior evidence, not current leaves.
Score window
N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.1(a)2 requires a passing score within the 10 years preceding application. Taking NAVLE before applying does not remove it from this route.
Initial licensure — ECFVG or PAVE equivalency
Application
Submit the Board online application, application fee, photographs, official transcript and score verification; complete criminal-history authorization and fingerprinting. The current applications page requires online filing; the pinned paper packet is older implementing material.
Character
The Board may refuse licensure for a violation of N.J.S.A. 45:1-21.
Citizenship
The current Board FAQ states that all individuals, regardless of citizenship status, may be licensed, undocumented individuals are eligible and a social security number is not required. The contrary older paper application language is superseded.
Education
Successfully complete the ECFVG training program of AVMA or PAVE of AAVSB and arrange direct program notification; provide a verified English translation of a non-English transcript. State sources identify completion of these certification programs, not separately named BCSE, CPE or QSE examination requirements.
Legacy scores
The rule also names NBE and CCT. ICVA confirms they were replaced by NAVLE in November 2000; these discontinued examinations are prior evidence, not current leaves.
Score window
N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.1(a)2 requires a passing score within the 10 years preceding application. Taking NAVLE before applying does not remove it from this route.
Routine late renewal within 30 days
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
The ordinary active renewal requirement of 20 credits (10 when licensed in the second year), subject to Board-approved sources and hardship waiver, continues to apply.
Deadline
Within 30 days after expiration submit renewal application, renewal fee and late fee; the license remains valid during this period.
Existing license
Hold an expired ordinary license, without cessation of practice exceeding three years.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure by reciprocity
New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)
Documents
Submit an application, fees, criminal-history consent and results, good-standing documentation from all jurisdictions in which licensed, and an agent for service if neither resident nor maintaining a New Jersey office.
Equivalence
A substantially equivalent examination need not be identical to New Jersey examinations, but must be nationally recognized and of comparable scope and rigor. The Board considers experience to compensate for education or examination disparity. No particular nationwide examination is identified for this reciprocity pathway.
Existing license
Hold a valid, current corresponding license in good standing issued by another United States jurisdiction, with substantially equivalent education, training and examination requirements as determined by the Board.
Good standing
The rule defines good standing by licensing, privileges, disciplinary, criminal and fine history. N.J.S.A. 45:1-7.5 allows temporary disaster-related documentation relief and requires later verification of education, training and examination results.
Implementation conflict
The Board FAQ (https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/vet/Pages/FAQ.aspx) says "You must pass the NAVLE exam before sitting for our examination." The specific reciprocity statute and N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.4 identify comparable prior qualifications rather than NAVLE. This lower-ranked FAQ demand is retained as an applicant condition, while the specific reciprocity sources determine the requirement leaf.
Practice
N.J.S.A. 45:1-7.5(a)2 requires practice within the preceding five years. N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.4(a)2 additionally states: "The applicant has been practicing in the profession of veterinary medicine for a period of at least two years within the five years prior to the date of application". The statute controls; the applicant is also shown the Board rule demand.
Discretionary reciprocity — qualifying pending action
New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)
Documents
Submit an application, fees, criminal-history consent and results, good-standing documentation from all jurisdictions in which licensed, and an agent for service if neither resident nor maintaining a New Jersey office.
Equivalence
A substantially equivalent examination need not be identical to New Jersey examinations, but must be nationally recognized and of comparable scope and rigor. The Board considers experience to compensate for education or examination disparity. No particular nationwide examination is identified for this reciprocity pathway.
Existing license
Hold a valid, current corresponding license in good standing issued by another United States jurisdiction, with substantially equivalent education, training and examination requirements as determined by the Board.
Good standing
The Board may grant reciprocity despite a pending licensing, privileges, disciplinary or criminal matter only when the alleged conduct does not demonstrate a serious inability to practice, adversely affect public health, safety or welfare, result in economic or physical harm or create a significant threat of harm; this is Board discretion under N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.4(h).
Implementation conflict
The Board FAQ (https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/vet/Pages/FAQ.aspx) says "You must pass the NAVLE exam before sitting for our examination." The specific reciprocity statute and N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.4 identify comparable prior qualifications rather than NAVLE. This lower-ranked FAQ demand is retained as an applicant condition, while the specific reciprocity sources determine the requirement leaf.
Practice
N.J.S.A. 45:1-7.5(a)2 requires practice within the preceding five years. N.J.A.C. 13:44-1.4(a)2 additionally states: "The applicant has been practicing in the profession of veterinary medicine for a period of at least two years within the five years prior to the date of application". The statute controls; the applicant is also shown the Board rule demand.
Statutory examination waiver — clinical specialist
Foreign education
A non-AVMA-accredited graduate must possess ECFVG certification or qualify under another Board-approved training program, except where ECFVG was not required by New Jersey at the time of original licensure elsewhere.
Limited or probationary approval
Under subsection c the Board may approve a not-in-good-standing applicant upon satisfactory qualification and impose license limits or probation. No application under this section may be made sooner than three years after failure under another section of P.L.1952, c.198.
National alternatives
The statute names NAVLE and discontinued NBE/CCT, subsequent national examinations or a substantially equivalent Board-approved examination. Named current NAVLE is the leaf; unnamed approved alternatives are conditions. Historical pre-examination-requirement licensing is prior evidence.
Practice
Actively practice clinical veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry for at least three of the five years preceding application.
Qualification
Be board certified in a clinical specialty approved by the Board through rules and recognized by AVMA.
Waiver
N.J.S.A. 45:16-7.2 permits the Board to waive all but the law portion. Board discretion and whether an applicant is excused from retaking an examination are conditions; a required currently offered passing examination remains a leaf.
Statutory examination waiver — existing license
Foreign education
A non-AVMA-accredited graduate must possess ECFVG certification or qualify under another Board-approved training program, except where ECFVG was not required by New Jersey at the time of original licensure elsewhere.
Limited or probationary approval
Under subsection c the Board may approve a not-in-good-standing applicant upon satisfactory qualification and impose license limits or probation. No application under this section may be made sooner than three years after failure under another section of P.L.1952, c.198.
National alternatives
The statute names NAVLE and discontinued NBE/CCT, subsequent national examinations or a substantially equivalent Board-approved examination. Named current NAVLE is the leaf; unnamed approved alternatives are conditions. Historical pre-examination-requirement licensing is prior evidence.
Practice
Actively practice clinical veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry for at least three of the five years preceding application.
Qualification
Hold a current veterinary license in good standing from another United States jurisdiction with substantially equivalent education and examination requirements.
Waiver
N.J.S.A. 45:16-7.2 permits the Board to waive all but the law portion. Board discretion and whether an applicant is excused from retaking an examination are conditions; a required currently offered passing examination remains a leaf.

Temporary courtesy license

Temporary license for a qualifying nonresident military spouse, initially one year with a discretionary one-year extension.

Licensing authority: New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Temporary courtesy licensure — nonresident military spouse
New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)
Application
Pay required fees, authorize and pay for any required criminal-history background check, satisfy the other jurisdiction continuing education and any additional Board requirements.
Discipline
No disqualifying act, discipline, unresolved complaint investigation or pending disciplinary review; adverse qualifying suspension or revocation elsewhere automatically affects the courtesy license.
Existing license
Hold a current license from a jurisdiction with requirements the Board finds equivalent.
Jurisprudence discretion
The Board may require the New Jersey law examination required of resident applicants; this discretion does not remove the identified examination leaf.
Military status
Be a nonresident spouse of an active-duty United States Armed Forces member transferred to, legally domiciled in, or permanently stationed in New Jersey; the Board chooses ordinary reciprocity or temporary courtesy processing.
Practice
Active practice for at least two of the preceding five years; relevant full-time federal or military duties count. The Board may impose training, unnamed testing, mentoring, monitoring or education after lack of recent practice.
Term
One year, with a discretionary one-year extension on application.
Extension of temporary courtesy license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Existing license
Hold a temporary courtesy license; apply for the discretionary additional one-year extension under N.J.S.A. 45:1-15.5(g).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

  • statutes.zip

    N.J.S.A. 45:1-15.5(g) [ZIP member: STATUTES.TXT]

Temporary permit

Temporary supervised graduate permit or temporary substitute-practitioner permission under N.J.S.A. 45:16-9.7.

Licensing authority: New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Temporary permit — qualified veterinary graduate
Next examination
Present for the next scheduled Board examination for which eligible. The permit fee is credited toward the examination fee and forfeited for failure to appear.
Qualification
Be a qualified veterinary graduate meeting the Board practice-act requirements, associated with a licensed veterinarian whose practice is the limit of the permit work.
Renewal after failure
After examination failure additional permits may be issued, but no more than three in total; failure to appear or failure followed by failure to renew disqualifies further practice.
Supervision
Responsible supervision is required; no more than two permit graduates per licensed veterinarian in a practice; the supervising veterinarian countersigns the application.
Temporary permit — substitute for absent licensed veterinarian
New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)
Application
Obtain Board permission on written request and payment of its fee. The Board may suspend or revoke after a hearing for violations by permittee or licensee-employer.
Practice
Temporarily take charge of an absent New Jersey licensed veterinarian practice, not exceeding 90 days unless renewed.
Qualification
Be a lawfully qualified veterinarian of another state who meets New Jersey licensure requirements. Read that express qualification with the specific reciprocity orientation requirement; equivalent prior examinations and existing licensure are applicant conditions.
Renewal of substitute practitioner temporary permit
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Existing permit
Hold the substitute-practitioner permission; extension beyond 90 days requires renewed Board permission on written request and its fee. The paragraph does not introduce an additional examination for renewal.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

New Jersey Jurisprudence Orientation (Veterinary Licensure)

Provider
New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners
Format
Online question-and-answer orientation
Passing score
Board FAQ states 70.0; the online orientation enables progression after a correct answer
Exam fee
Free; available online 24/7
Examination outline
  • N.J.S.A. Title 45, Chapter 16 — Veterinary Medicine
  • N.J.A.C. 13:44 — State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners
  • N.J.S.A. Title 45, Chapter 1 — Uniform Enforcement Act
  • N.J.S.A. 45:14-59 — Format for New Jersey Prescription Blanks
  • N.J.S.A. Title 24, Chapter 21 — Controlled Dangerous Substances Act
  • N.J.A.C. 13:45A — Administrative Rules of the Division of Consumer Affairs (enumerated provisions)
  • N.J.A.C. 13:45C — Uniform Regulations
  • N.J.A.C. 13:45H — Controlled Dangerous Substances
  • N.J.A.C. 2:2 — Disease Control Program
  • N.J.A.C. 2:3 — Livestock and Poultry Importation
  • N.J.A.C. 2:5 — Disease Control Program Quarantines and Embargoes on Animals
  • N.J.A.C. 2:6 — Biological Products for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Purposes
  • N.J.S.A. Title 4, Chapter 5 — Contagious Diseases of Animals
  • N.J.S.A. Title 4, Chapter 19 — Dogs
  • N.J.S.A. Title 4, Chapter 19A — Animal Population Control
  • N.J.S.A. 4:22-19.3 — Neuromuscular blocking agents prohibited
  • N.J.S.A. 26:4-82 — Confining animal which has attacked or bitten person
  • N.J.A.C. 8:23 — Importation of Dogs, Reporting of Rabies in Animals, Control of Avian Chlamydiosis in Pet Birds, Sales and Distribution of Turtles and Turtle Eggs, and Transportation by Animal Control Officers
  • N.J.A.C. 8:23A — Animal Facility Operation; Animal Control Officer and Animal Cruelty Investigator Certification; Pilot Spaying and Neutering Clinic and Fees; and Rabies Inoculation
  • N.J.S.A. 56:8-92–97 — Pet Purchase Protection Act
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources