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Missouri Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

Veterinary Faculty License

Restricted to University of Missouri faculty practice, including on-site and ambulatory work on the university's behalf; ends when faculty employment ends.

Licensing authority: Missouri Veterinary Medical Board · Application information

Annual renewal of faculty veterinary license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Completed signed annual renewal application and renewal fee; veterinarians renew by November 30.
Continuing education
At least 10 approved hours per year; keep records and respond to audits. The initial graduation/licensure reporting period is exempt; Board-approved good cause permits a waiver or extension of up to six months under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(11).
Faculty employment
Maintain university employment; faculty license expires when employment ends.
Fitness
Provide statutory renewal disclosures and any Board-requested fitness information.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Automatic reinstatement after a successful final appeal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Appeal
Conviction, judgment or revocation was set aside on final appeal by a competent court; original license restrictions remain.
Prior revocation
License was automatically revoked under RSMo 340.274.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Discretionary relicensing or reinstatement within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Written application showing justification; majority vote of the full Board, solely within Board discretion.
Prior status
Revoked or suspended license for no more than two years; satisfy any reinstatement waiting period imposed under RSMo 340.266.
Restrictions
Board may restrict practice or impose probation and other case-specific conditions; existing faculty/specialty limits remain.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

University faculty licensure
Missouri State Board Examination (Veterinarians/Veterinary Technicians)
Appearance
Appear before the Board before license issuance and submit registration and faculty-license fees.
Education
Graduate of a reputable veterinary school; furnish transcript or diploma.
Employment
University of Missouri-Columbia College of Veterinary Medicine faculty position involved in undergraduate or graduate instruction, certified by an authorized institutional official.
Experience
Communicate in written and spoken English and satisfy the Board's alternative experience criteria: five years of practice, a clinical internship of at least 12 months, or an approved specialty residency.
Practice limit
Practice solely on behalf of the university; compensation comes from state, federal or institutional funds rather than animal-owner beneficiaries.
Termination
License ends upon termination of university employment and the licensee must immediately notify the Board.
Renewal or reinstatement following active military duty
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Effect
On approval the Board reinstates without penalty or further requirements; original license restrictions continue.
Military service
Current license lapsed while holder performed active military duty.
Notice
Submit signed Notice of Active Military Duty or accepted written communication with identification, license number, dates and sufficient orders/evidence within 60 days after completing duty.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Restoration of noncurrent license within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, current and delinquent renewal fees, penalty fee and proof of approved continuing education; Board may waive penalty for extenuating circumstances.
Continuing education
At least 10 hours for each noncurrent year, at most 50 hours, obtained within the preceding three years under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(14).
Period
Apply within two years after license expiration.
Practice limit
Any existing faculty/specialty/inactive restriction continues.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Veterinary License

Licensure exception under 20 CSR 2270-2.051 for AVMA board-certified faculty of an accredited college who graduated from a nonaccredited veterinary college; restricted to the employing university and certified specialty.

Licensing authority: Missouri Veterinary Medical Board · Application information

Annual renewal of faculty specialty veterinary license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Completed signed annual renewal application and renewal fee; veterinarians renew by November 30.
Continuing education
At least 10 approved hours per year; keep records and respond to audits. The initial graduation/licensure reporting period is exempt; Board-approved good cause permits a waiver or extension of up to six months under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(11).
Fitness
Provide statutory renewal disclosures and any Board-requested fitness information.
Practice limit
Maintain the university/specialty restriction of the licensure exception.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Automatic reinstatement after a successful final appeal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Appeal
Conviction, judgment or revocation was set aside on final appeal by a competent court; original license restrictions remain.
Prior revocation
License was automatically revoked under RSMo 340.274.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Discretionary relicensing or reinstatement within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Written application showing justification; majority vote of the full Board, solely within Board discretion.
Prior status
Revoked or suspended license for no more than two years; satisfy any reinstatement waiting period imposed under RSMo 340.266.
Restrictions
Board may restrict practice or impose probation and other case-specific conditions; existing faculty/specialty limits remain.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Renewal or reinstatement following active military duty
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Effect
On approval the Board reinstates without penalty or further requirements; original license restrictions continue.
Military service
Current license lapsed while holder performed active military duty.
Notice
Submit signed Notice of Active Military Duty or accepted written communication with identification, license number, dates and sufficient orders/evidence within 60 days after completing duty.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Restoration of noncurrent license within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, current and delinquent renewal fees, penalty fee and proof of approved continuing education; Board may waive penalty for extenuating circumstances.
Continuing education
At least 10 hours for each noncurrent year, at most 50 hours, obtained within the preceding three years under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(14).
Period
Apply within two years after license expiration.
Practice limit
Any existing faculty/specialty/inactive restriction continues.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

University faculty specialty licensure exception
Certificate
AVMA specialty-board letter verifies certification, specialty and certification date; this exception addresses lack of an ECFVG certificate.
Faculty
Faculty of an AVMA-accredited college or university; graduate of a nonaccredited veterinary college and AVMA board-certified.
Passing scores
Pass NAVLE at the testing agency's minimum criterion-referenced score and the State Board Examination at 70%.
Practice limit
Practice only within the employing university and only in the certified specialty.

Veterinary License

Permanent license to practice veterinary medicine; initial issuance includes examination, grade transfer, profession-specific reciprocity and statutory license recognition.

Licensing authority: Missouri Veterinary Medical Board · Application information

Licensure by examination
Attempt limit
No examination may be taken more than four times to qualify. Before the fourth attempt the Board must approve a continuing-education plan; statute 340.232 also requires evidence of at least 30 hours.
Candidacy
Complete a supervised 320-hour postgraduate candidacy/internship, or obtain Board acceptance of a pregraduation preceptorship or at least 12 months of unencumbered practice. Internship outside the United States requires Board approval.
Character
Good moral character; truthful sworn application, educational documentation, fee, photograph and Board-requested fitness information.
Degree
DVM or equivalent from an AVMA-accredited school, or an AVMA-listed nonaccredited-school degree accompanied by a current ECFVG certificate. The ECFVG certificate is an applicant qualification; Missouri sources cited here do not name BCSE, CPE or QSE as separate examination requirements.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Military training
The Board reviews submitted military experience and may credit it toward education, training or service requirements under 20 CSR 2270-2.080.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Student eligibility
20 CSR 2270-2.031(5) permits application within ten months of graduation; the September 2025 application says "Veterinary students within six months of graduation may apply to lake the required examinations." The rule controls; final official degree transcript is required before licensure.
Licensure by grade transfer
Attempt limit
No examination may be taken more than four times to qualify. Before the fourth attempt the Board must approve a continuing-education plan; statute 340.232 also requires evidence of at least 30 hours.
Candidacy
Complete a supervised 320-hour postgraduate candidacy/internship, or obtain Board acceptance of a pregraduation preceptorship or at least 12 months of unencumbered practice. Internship outside the United States requires Board approval.
Character
Good moral character; truthful sworn application, educational documentation, fee, photograph and Board-requested fitness information.
Degree
DVM or equivalent from an AVMA-accredited school, or an AVMA-listed nonaccredited-school degree accompanied by a current ECFVG certificate. The ECFVG certificate is an applicant qualification; Missouri sources cited here do not name BCSE, CPE or QSE as separate examination requirements.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Legacy scores
The discontinued NBE and CCT scores remain accepted historical evidence under the application; they are conditions rather than leaves, and may excuse a NAVLE sitting.
Military training
The Board reviews submitted military experience and may credit it toward education, training or service requirements under 20 CSR 2270-2.080.
Score transfer
A passing national score must be within five years of application. The Board has discretion to accept score transfer and may require an appearance or 30 hours of approved continuing education if passing took more than three attempts.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Annual renewal of ordinary veterinary license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Completed signed annual renewal application and renewal fee; veterinarians renew by November 30.
Continuing education
At least 10 approved hours per year; keep records and respond to audits. The initial graduation/licensure reporting period is exempt; Board-approved good cause permits a waiver or extension of up to six months under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(11).
Fitness
Provide statutory renewal disclosures and any Board-requested fitness information.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Automatic reinstatement after a successful final appeal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Appeal
Conviction, judgment or revocation was set aside on final appeal by a competent court; original license restrictions remain.
Prior revocation
License was automatically revoked under RSMo 340.274.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Discretionary relicensing or reinstatement within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Written application showing justification; majority vote of the full Board, solely within Board discretion.
Prior status
Revoked or suspended license for no more than two years; satisfy any reinstatement waiting period imposed under RSMo 340.266.
Restrictions
Board may restrict practice or impose probation and other case-specific conditions; existing faculty/specialty limits remain.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Renewal or reinstatement following active military duty
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Effect
On approval the Board reinstates without penalty or further requirements; original license restrictions continue.
Military service
Current license lapsed while holder performed active military duty.
Notice
Submit signed Notice of Active Military Duty or accepted written communication with identification, license number, dates and sufficient orders/evidence within 60 days after completing duty.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Restoration of noncurrent license within two years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, current and delinquent renewal fees, penalty fee and proof of approved continuing education; Board may waive penalty for extenuating circumstances.
Continuing education
At least 10 hours for each noncurrent year, at most 50 hours, obtained within the preceding three years under 20 CSR 2270-4.042(14).
Period
Apply within two years after license expiration.
Practice limit
Any existing faculty/specialty/inactive restriction continues.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure by reciprocity under RSMo 340.238
Application distinction
The September 2025 form describes one-year reciprocity; that is separately represented by the RSMo 324.009 recognition route. The profession-specific RSMo 340.238 route retains its five-year condition.
Discretion
RSMo 340.238 permits licensure without examination, but subsection 2 permits Board rules to require examinations; 20 CSR 2270-2.060(3)(D)-(E) exercises that authority by requiring national passing-score evidence and the State Board Examination. Case-specific waiver is an applicant condition.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Licensure
Current endorsed license from a United States or Canadian jurisdiction with initial admission standards at least as stringent as Missouri's and no suspended, revoked, surrendered or probationary license; submit practice history and each licensing authority's verification.
National score
Send passing NAVLE scores, or historical NBE and CCT scores; the latter exams ended in April 2000 and are prior evidence only.
Practice
At least five consecutive years of active practice immediately before application under RSMo 340.238; 20 CSR 2270-2.060 defines the period as ending within one year before application.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
License recognition for qualifying military or law enforcement spouses
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Board application statement
The lower-ranked September 2025 form says "All applicants must take the Missouri State Board Examination. The passing score for the State Board Examination is 70%." The statutory spouse examination waiver controls this route.
Compact
A license issued under this route is valid only in Missouri; an applicant licensed elsewhere pursuant to an interstate compact is ineligible under RSMo 324.009(11).
Existing license
Current good-standing veterinary license at the same occupation and practice level held for at least one year in a state, United States territory, District of Columbia or military jurisdiction; provide verification.
Fees
Fees, bonds, insurance and any required fingerprints are not waived.
Fitness
Restrictions in RSMo 324.009(4)-(5) apply, including revocation, unresolved disciplinary matters, disqualifying criminal record and current good standing.
Qualification verification
The other jurisdiction verifies that its minimum education and applicable experience/clinical-supervision requirements were satisfied; general recognition is processed within six months.
Spouse eligibility
Resident or nonresident military or Missouri law-enforcement spouse as defined in RSMo 324.009(1); this applicant must satisfy subsection 2's one-year current-license requirement.
Waiver
RSMo 324.009(3)(2) requires issuance within 30 days and waiver of any examination, education and experience requirements. Its spouse provision contains no state-law-examination exception.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

License recognition under RSMo 324.009
Missouri State Board Examination (Veterinarians/Veterinary Technicians)
Compact
A license issued under this route is valid only in Missouri; an applicant licensed elsewhere pursuant to an interstate compact is ineligible under RSMo 324.009(11).
Existing license
Current good-standing veterinary license at the same occupation and practice level held for at least one year in a state, United States territory, District of Columbia or military jurisdiction; provide verification.
Fees
Fees, bonds, insurance and any required fingerprints are not waived.
Fitness
Restrictions in RSMo 324.009(4)-(5) apply, including revocation, unresolved disciplinary matters, disqualifying criminal record and current good standing.
Qualification verification
The other jurisdiction verifies that its minimum education and applicable experience/clinical-supervision requirements were satisfied; general recognition is processed within six months.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Waiver
RSMo 324.009(3)(1) requires waiver of national examination, education and experience requirements; it expressly permits a state-law examination. The Board's implementing rule and veterinary application require the State Board Examination.

Provisional License

Supervised provisional veterinary licensure pending permanent licensure, examination results or candidacy completion; expires within one year and cannot be renewed. Not available for faculty-license applicants.

Licensing authority: Missouri Veterinary Medical Board · Application information

Provisional licensure pending examination
Attempt limit
No examination may be taken more than four times to qualify. Before the fourth attempt the Board must approve a continuing-education plan; statute 340.232 also requires evidence of at least 30 hours.
Candidacy
Complete a supervised 320-hour postgraduate candidacy/internship, or obtain Board acceptance of a pregraduation preceptorship or at least 12 months of unencumbered practice. Internship outside the United States requires Board approval.
Character
Good moral character; truthful sworn application, educational documentation, fee, photograph and Board-requested fitness information.
Degree
DVM or equivalent from an AVMA-accredited school, or an AVMA-listed nonaccredited-school degree accompanied by a current ECFVG certificate. The ECFVG certificate is an applicant qualification; Missouri sources cited here do not name BCSE, CPE or QSE as separate examination requirements.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Military training
The Board reviews submitted military experience and may credit it toward education, training or service requirements under 20 CSR 2270-2.080.
Pending
Permanent and provisional applications and all non-examination qualifications must be complete; issuance may precede examination results and candidacy completion.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Supervision
Work under a licensed veterinarian whose license is current and unencumbered, with a signed supervision statement and supervision appropriate to delegated tasks.
Term
Expires one year after issuance or sooner on permanent licensure; not renewable; only one provisional license at a time; unavailable for faculty applicants.
Provisional licensure pending grade transfer
Attempt limit
No examination may be taken more than four times to qualify. Before the fourth attempt the Board must approve a continuing-education plan; statute 340.232 also requires evidence of at least 30 hours.
Candidacy
Complete a supervised 320-hour postgraduate candidacy/internship, or obtain Board acceptance of a pregraduation preceptorship or at least 12 months of unencumbered practice. Internship outside the United States requires Board approval.
Character
Good moral character; truthful sworn application, educational documentation, fee, photograph and Board-requested fitness information.
Degree
DVM or equivalent from an AVMA-accredited school, or an AVMA-listed nonaccredited-school degree accompanied by a current ECFVG certificate. The ECFVG certificate is an applicant qualification; Missouri sources cited here do not name BCSE, CPE or QSE as separate examination requirements.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Military training
The Board reviews submitted military experience and may credit it toward education, training or service requirements under 20 CSR 2270-2.080.
Pending
Permanent and provisional applications and all non-examination qualifications must be complete; issuance may precede examination results and candidacy completion.
Score transfer
The underlying permanent application uses national score transfer within five years; historical discontinued NBE/CCT scores are prior evidence.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Supervision
Work under a licensed veterinarian whose license is current and unencumbered, with a signed supervision statement and supervision appropriate to delegated tasks.
Term
Expires one year after issuance or sooner on permanent licensure; not renewable; only one provisional license at a time; unavailable for faculty applicants.
Provisional licensure pending profession specific reciprocity
Application distinction
The September 2025 form describes one-year reciprocity; that is separately represented by the RSMo 324.009 recognition route. The profession-specific RSMo 340.238 route retains its five-year condition.
Discretion
RSMo 340.238 permits licensure without examination, but subsection 2 permits Board rules to require examinations; 20 CSR 2270-2.060(3)(D)-(E) exercises that authority by requiring national passing-score evidence and the State Board Examination. Case-specific waiver is an applicant condition.
Former noncurrent license
A license expired more than two years cannot be renewed under RSMo 340.262; the former holder must use an applicable new-license application route.
Licensure
Current endorsed license from a United States or Canadian jurisdiction with initial admission standards at least as stringent as Missouri's and no suspended, revoked, surrendered or probationary license; submit practice history and each licensing authority's verification.
National score
Send passing NAVLE scores, or historical NBE and CCT scores; the latter exams ended in April 2000 and are prior evidence only.
Pending
Permanent and provisional applications and all non-examination qualifications must be complete; issuance may precede examination results and candidacy completion.
Practice
At least five consecutive years of active practice immediately before application under RSMo 340.238; 20 CSR 2270-2.060 defines the period as ending within one year before application.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Supervision
Work under a licensed veterinarian whose license is current and unencumbered, with a signed supervision statement and supervision appropriate to delegated tasks.
Term
Expires one year after issuance or sooner on permanent licensure; not renewable; only one provisional license at a time; unavailable for faculty applicants.
Provisional licensure pending statutory recognition and state examination
Missouri State Board Examination (Veterinarians/Veterinary Technicians)
Compact
A license issued under this route is valid only in Missouri; an applicant licensed elsewhere pursuant to an interstate compact is ineligible under RSMo 324.009(11).
Existing license
Current good-standing veterinary license at the same occupation and practice level held for at least one year in a state, United States territory, District of Columbia or military jurisdiction; provide verification.
Fees
Fees, bonds, insurance and any required fingerprints are not waived.
Fitness
Restrictions in RSMo 324.009(4)-(5) apply, including revocation, unresolved disciplinary matters, disqualifying criminal record and current good standing.
Qualification verification
The other jurisdiction verifies that its minimum education and applicable experience/clinical-supervision requirements were satisfied; general recognition is processed within six months.
State score age
State Board Examination passing score must have been received within two years of license issuance; passing score is 70%.
Supervision
Qualified applicant awaiting state-examination results works under a current, unencumbered Missouri veterinarian; submit permanent and provisional applications, supervision statement and fees.
Term
Expires within one year or on permanent licensure, whichever is sooner; cannot be renewed.
Waiver
RSMo 324.009(3)(1) requires waiver of national examination, education and experience requirements; it expressly permits a state-law examination. The Board's implementing rule and veterinary application require the State Board Examination.

Missouri State Board Examination (Veterinarians/Veterinary Technicians)

Provider
Missouri Veterinary Medical Board
Format
Open-book multiple-choice test taken online through a secure Board website with a Board-issued PIN; after two failed attempts, a proctored paper-and-pencil examination at the Board office in Jefferson City
Exam questions
50 multiple-choice questions
Passing score
70% correct
Practice scope

Inferred from the examination name; the authority has not published an examination outline.

  • Chapter 340, RSMo (Missouri Veterinary Medical Practice Act)
  • 20 CSR 2270-1 General Rules
  • 20 CSR 2270-2 Licensure Requirements for Veterinarians
  • 20 CSR 2270-3 Registration Requirements for Veterinary Technicians
  • 20 CSR 2270-4 Minimum Standards
  • 20 CSR 2270-5 Veterinary Facilities Permits
  • 20 CSR 2270-6 Professional Conduct for the Practice of Veterinary Medicine
  • 20 CSR 2270-7 Disciplinary Proceedings
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources