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Minnesota Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

US-MN · License preparation

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

Inactive Veterinarian License

Inactive form of the veterinary license; no authority to practice in Minnesota.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Election of inactive status at renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Eligibility
Holder of an active veterinary license electing not to practice in Minnesota.
Procedure
Use the Board's paper renewal process and pay the inactive fee.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Biennial inactive license renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
The Board states CE is not required for inactive renewal; CE evidence is required to return to active status.
Historical rule reproduction
The renewal page also reproduces former Rule 9100.0500; the current Chapter 9100 text records its repeal. This route uses the Board's operational renewal instructions, not that reproduced historical rule.
Practice
No practice in Minnesota while inactive.
Renewal
Renew biennially and pay applicable inactive and late fees.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Institutional License

University of Minnesota employment-limited license for veterinarians not eligible for a regular license.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

University of Minnesota institutional licensure
Minnesota Jurisprudence Examination
Background check
Complete the criminal background check.
Board reference notice
The faculty page separately says veterinarian application affidavits are no longer required as of July 1, 2026. Section 156.0721 retains its institutional reference condition.
Character
Good moral character and the five notarized references required by section 156.0721(1)(a)(3), including at least two veterinarians familiar with the applicant or clinical abilities.
Documentation
Provide proof of graduation, applicable license verification, military discharge papers if applicable, fees and other information the Board requires.
Education
DVM or equivalent from a nonaccredited college; applicants eligible for a regular license should apply for that license.
Employment
Provide proof of employment by the University of Minnesota, including the department or VMC chair's letter.
Scope
Practice only in the regular University function as faculty, intern, resident or locum; remuneration only from state, federal or institutional funds. License is canceled on leaving University employment.
Institutional license renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Employment
Remain employed by the University; leaving employment cancels the license.
Renewal
Comply with applicable biennial renewal, fees and continuing education requirements.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Veterinarian License

Ordinary license to practice veterinary medicine in Minnesota.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Biennial active license renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
40 hours in the previous two years, at least 30 interactive, at most 10 practice management; first renewal and other qualifying waivers apply. Maintain records four years. The Board may grant extensions and audit proof.
Renewal
Biennial renewal and applicable fees; a delinquency fee applies to late renewal.
Status
An active license is required to practice in Minnesota.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure for applicants previously licensed in another jurisdiction
Age
At least 18 years old.
Application completion
Board instructions abandon applications not completed within one year.
Background check
Complete the fingerprint-based criminal background check.
Certificate programs
ECFVG or PAVE certification is an applicant qualification. Minnesota sources obtained for these routes name the certificates rather than separately requiring BCSE, CPE or QSE; no examination requirements are inferred from a certificate name.
Character
Good moral character.
Education
DVM or equivalent from an accredited or approved college, or ECFVG or PAVE certification; a final-year student may apply with the dean's certificate but must complete the qualification before license issuance.
Fees
Submit the Board application and applicable application, examination, initial-license and fingerprint-based criminal-background-check fees.
Graduation proof
Provide the diploma or official transcript; foreign-school applicants must provide the required certificate and diploma translation where applicable.
License elsewhere
Provide a valid unrestricted license in good standing from a United States or Canadian jurisdiction.
Military
Provide discharge papers if the applicant served in the armed forces.
Prior discontinued scores
Board instructions accept previously obtained NBE and CCT scores; ICVA states these examinations were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000. These scores are applicant evidence, not current examination leaves.
Score reporting
Certified national examination score reports are required, except where the Board waives the transfer because the current AAVSB jurisdiction officially reported NAVLE scores.
Verification
Provide good-standing and disciplinary-status verification for the current jurisdiction and all licenses held in the preceding ten years, or the permitted Veterinary Information Verification Agency certification.
Waiver request
Section 156.072 subdivision 2(8) still requests substantially equivalent original licensure requirements if requesting an examination waiver. Chapter 53 deletes the former subdivision 1 three-of-five-years practice/teaching waiver and repeals subdivision 3; this survey does not retain that historical route distinction.
Conversion of inactive license to active status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Discipline
Certify absence of disciplinary orders or investigations that could lead to discipline elsewhere.
Education and good standing
Verify current good-standing practice licensure and its continuing education, or document Minnesota CE of 20 hours per inactive year.
Fees
Pay the stated difference between inactive and unrestricted fees, adjusted for the year of the biennial cycle.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Initial licensure
Age
At least 18 years old.
Application completion
Board instructions abandon applications not completed within one year.
Background check
Complete the fingerprint-based criminal background check.
Certificate programs
ECFVG or PAVE certification is an applicant qualification. Minnesota sources obtained for these routes name the certificates rather than separately requiring BCSE, CPE or QSE; no examination requirements are inferred from a certificate name.
Character
Good moral character.
Education
DVM or equivalent from an accredited or approved college, or ECFVG or PAVE certification; a final-year student may apply with the dean's certificate but must complete the qualification before license issuance.
Fees
Submit the Board application and applicable application, examination, initial-license and fingerprint-based criminal-background-check fees.
Graduation proof
Provide the diploma or official transcript; foreign-school applicants must provide the required certificate and diploma translation where applicable.
Military
Provide discharge papers if the applicant served in the armed forces.
Prior discontinued scores
Board instructions accept previously obtained NBE and CCT scores; ICVA states these examinations were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000. These scores are applicant evidence, not current examination leaves.
Reinstatement within five years of nonrenewal suspension
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Background check
Complete the criminal background check.
Continuing education
Evidence of the yearly continuing education requirements for the lapsed period, ordinarily 20 hours per year.
Elapsed time
Within five years of suspension for failure to renew.
Fees
Renewal, back, late and reinstatement fees.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

New license after more than five years of suspension for failure to renew
Background check
Complete a criminal background check.
Board instruction difference
The Board reactivation page states: "(3) retaking and passing the state jurisprudence examination". The controlling amended section 156.071 requires all initial-license examinations, so both NAVLE and jurisprudence are retained.
Character
Good moral character; no fact, circumstance or condition justifying revocation or suspension.
Elapsed time
More than five years after suspension for failure to renew.
Examinations
Chapter 53 section 40 requires all examinations required for an initial license. Any accepted historical NBE/CCT score remains a condition, not a current leaf.
Fees
Pay all applicable fees required by the Board.
Conversion of retired license to active status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Background check
Complete a criminal background check.
Continuing education
Document 20 Minnesota CE credits per year retroactive to expiration for active reinstatement.
Discipline
Certify absence of disciplinary orders or investigations elsewhere.
Fees
Pay renewal, back and late fees.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Voluntarily Retired Veterinarian License

License voluntarily retired in good standing; no authority to practice in Minnesota.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Voluntary retirement in good standing
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Procedure
Submit a written retirement request.
Status
Retire in good standing; no authority to practice in Minnesota.
Suspended license
The Board states a suspended license must be renewed before voluntary retirement.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Specialty Faculty VMC Clinician License

Specialty-restricted license within University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center employment.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Specialty faculty VMC clinician licensure
Minnesota Jurisprudence Examination
Application
Use the designated paper form; provide specialty certification, employer letter, applicable license verifications, degree, military discharge if applicable, fees and background check.
Certification
Specialty board certification recognized by AVMA or the European Board of Veterinary Specialization. This certification is a qualification, not an identified examination leaf.
Eligibility
Faculty practitioner who does not qualify for a standard license.
Employment
Hard-to-fill University of Minnesota VMC faculty position verified by the VMC administration.
Exam delivery
The Board emails jurisprudence; its faculty instructions state a 90% passing score and two-hour limit.
Scope
Practice only in the specialty area and within VMC employment.
Specialty faculty VMC clinician license renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Renewal
Comply with applicable biennial renewal, fees and continuing education requirements.
Scope
Continue only within specialty VMC employment.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Temporary License

Supervised temporary license for a nonaccredited-school graduate completing ECFVG certification, limited to two years.

Licensing authority: Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Temporary licensure while completing ECFVG certification
Application
Use the designated paper form; provide degree, national scores, applicable license verifications, military discharge if applicable, fees and background check.
Board duration instruction
The foreign-graduate page describes validity until ECFVG/PAVE certification or two years.
Certificate enrollment
Section 156.074 requires ECFVG enrollment. The Board foreign-graduate page requests "Proof of ECFVG or PAVE Enrollment." Preserve that Board instruction as a condition; it does not change the statutory ECFVG requirement.
Delivery
The Board emails jurisprudence to temporary applicants; the examination is not available online for this application category.
Education
Nonaccredited or nonapproved college graduate who satisfactorily completed the fourth year of clinical study at an approved or accredited college.
Expiration
Valid until ECFVG certification is obtained or a maximum of two years from issue.
Supervision
Practice under a Minnesota licensed veterinarian's supervision.
Temporary license renewal within statutory validity
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Expiration
Renewal cannot extend past ECFVG completion or the two-year statutory maximum.
Renewal
Comply with applicable biennial renewal, fees and continuing education requirements.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Minnesota Jurisprudence Examination

Provider
Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine
Format
Open-book written examination; ordinary and institutional applications use the online portal; temporary and specialty applicants receive the examination by email.
Exam questions
50
Passing score
90%
Exam fee
$75; an unsuccessful attempt requires another $75 for a retake.
Practice scope

Inferred from the examination name; the authority has not published an examination outline.

  • Minnesota Statutes Chapter 156 — Veterinarians
  • Minnesota Rules Chapter 9100 — Veterinary Medicine
  • Minnesota Statutes Chapter 35 — Animal Health
  • Minnesota Rules Chapter 1721 — Animal Health
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources