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Maryland Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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License to practice veterinary medicine

Veterinarian license with licensure by examination and from another state or foreign jurisdiction, annual registration, reinstatement, and statutory restoration. Veterinary facility licenses and registration of other professions are separate from this individual veterinarian credential.

Licensing authority: Maryland State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Annual registration renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Ce
Unless exempt or conditionally renewed, earn eighteen approved CE hours in the preceding twelve months, or in the preceding twenty-four months using previously unused credits; at least twelve clinical/scientific hours and no more than six non-scientific hours. Keep attendance records and provide verification if requested.
Registration
Register annually and pay the applicable registration fee; provide primary practice, business phone, home and mailing addresses, and report name/address changes within thirty days.
Renewal affirmation
The Board renewal page states: When you renew your license registration, you are required to affirm that you know and understand them. This renewal affirmation is a condition in the renewal instructions; the statutory and regulatory renewal requirements do not establish a separately required Board Examination.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Conditional renewal for exigent circumstances
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Ce
Unless exempt or conditionally renewed, earn eighteen approved CE hours in the preceding twelve months, or in the preceding twenty-four months using previously unused credits; at least twelve clinical/scientific hours and no more than six non-scientific hours. Keep attendance records and provide verification if requested.
Exigent circumstances
Submit satisfactory proof that CE requirements reasonably cannot be met because of exigent circumstances, such as an armed services commitment, and a plan to complete CE within a reasonable period. The Board may grant conditional renewal.
Registration
Register annually and pay the applicable registration fee; provide primary practice, business phone, home and mailing addresses, and report name/address changes within thirty days.
Renewal affirmation
The Board renewal page states: When you renew your license registration, you are required to affirm that you know and understand them. This renewal affirmation is a condition in the renewal instructions; the statutory and regulatory renewal requirements do not establish a separately required Board Examination.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure from another jurisdiction — alternative clinical experience
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Not absent from clinical practice for more than five consecutive years; practiced at least the equivalent of three full years during the preceding five years; submit all jurisdictional verifications and proof of Maryland-required CE type and hours over that period (COMAR 15.14.08.01B).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Remedial ce
If prior CE type or hours are insufficient, complete and document the requisite clinically oriented or practical hours under COMAR 15.14.08.01D.
Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of continuous clinical practice
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Engaged in clinical veterinary practice continuously for the five years preceding application (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(a)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of clinical teaching
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Taught clinical veterinary medicine for the five years preceding application at an AVMA-accredited institution (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(b)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Licensure from another jurisdiction — government service relocation
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Government service by the applicant or spouse caused relocation outside the United States. If the three-in-five-year practice condition is unmet, prove either ten full equivalent years of clinical practice over the career or at least one full equivalent year during the preceding five years (COMAR 15.14.08.01C).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other alternative requirements
COMAR 15.14.08.01B still requires no clinical absence longer than five consecutive years, all jurisdictional verifications, and the prescribed CE type and hours; additional clinically oriented or practical CE may cure a deficiency under .01D.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Licensure by examination — AVMA accredited or approved graduate

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-accredited or Board-approved veterinary school; submit authenticated transcript or diploma. Students within approximately eight months of graduation may take the examination, but license issuance requires the graduation evidence.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using ECFVG

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Ecfvg clinical
After June 30, 2012, obtain the ECFVG clinical portion by passing the approved CPE (COMAR 15.14.09.06B).
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-listed veterinary school that is not AVMA-accredited; submit authenticated transcript and ECFVG certificate. Enrollment may establish examination eligibility but certification is needed for issuance.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using PAVE

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Certificate alternative
COMAR 15.14.09.02B(8) defines a foreign veterinary graduate by the non-AVMA-accredited degree; .03A(1)(c) expressly includes BCSE and CPE for such an applicant. COMAR .05B(2)(b) nevertheless accepts either an ECFVG or PAVE certificate, and the Board licensure page likewise accepts either. Under the task rule for same-rank disagreement, the named BCSE and CPE remain leaves; certificate-based acceptance is recorded here as an applicant condition rather than deleting those examinations.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Submit authenticated veterinary school transcript or diploma and PAVE certificate; enrollment can establish examination eligibility.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Pave experience
PAVE evaluated clinical experience is at least twelve months of evaluation by clinical faculty at an AVMA-accredited veterinary college. It is a training condition, not a separately identified examination.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Renewal during the initial twelve month CE exemption
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Ce
Exempt from proof of continuing education for twelve months from issuance when registering the veterinary license for the first time and reinstatement is not required.
Registration
Register annually and pay the applicable registration fee; provide primary practice, business phone, home and mailing addresses, and report name/address changes within thirty days.
Renewal affirmation
The Board renewal page states: When you renew your license registration, you are required to affirm that you know and understand them. This renewal affirmation is a condition in the renewal instructions; the statutory and regulatory renewal requirements do not establish a separately required Board Examination.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — alternative clinical experience
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Not absent from clinical practice for more than five consecutive years; practiced at least the equivalent of three full years during the preceding five years; submit all jurisdictional verifications and proof of Maryland-required CE type and hours over that period (COMAR 15.14.08.01B).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Remedial ce
If prior CE type or hours are insufficient, complete and document the requisite clinically oriented or practical hours under COMAR 15.14.08.01D.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of continuous clinical practice
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Engaged in clinical veterinary practice continuously for the five years preceding application (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(a)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of clinical teaching
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Taught clinical veterinary medicine for the five years preceding application at an AVMA-accredited institution (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(b)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — government service relocation
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Government service by the applicant or spouse caused relocation outside the United States. If the three-in-five-year practice condition is unmet, prove either ten full equivalent years of clinical practice over the career or at least one full equivalent year during the preceding five years (COMAR 15.14.08.01C).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other alternative requirements
COMAR 15.14.08.01B still requires no clinical absence longer than five consecutive years, all jurisdictional verifications, and the prescribed CE type and hours; additional clinically oriented or practical CE may cure a deficiency under .01D.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure by examination — AVMA accredited or approved graduate

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-accredited or Board-approved veterinary school; submit authenticated transcript or diploma. Students within approximately eight months of graduation may take the examination, but license issuance requires the graduation evidence.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using ECFVG

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Ecfvg clinical
After June 30, 2012, obtain the ECFVG clinical portion by passing the approved CPE (COMAR 15.14.09.06B).
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-listed veterinary school that is not AVMA-accredited; submit authenticated transcript and ECFVG certificate. Enrollment may establish examination eligibility but certification is needed for issuance.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
New licensure after registration lapse longer than five years — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using PAVE

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Certificate alternative
COMAR 15.14.09.02B(8) defines a foreign veterinary graduate by the non-AVMA-accredited degree; .03A(1)(c) expressly includes BCSE and CPE for such an applicant. COMAR .05B(2)(b) nevertheless accepts either an ECFVG or PAVE certificate, and the Board licensure page likewise accepts either. Under the task rule for same-rank disagreement, the named BCSE and CPE remain leaves; certificate-based acceptance is recorded here as an applicant condition rather than deleting those examinations.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Submit authenticated veterinary school transcript or diploma and PAVE certificate; enrollment can establish examination eligibility.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Pave experience
PAVE evaluated clinical experience is at least twelve months of evaluation by clinical faculty at an AVMA-accredited veterinary college. It is a training condition, not a separately identified examination.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.01.11D requires a new application under COMAR 15.14.09 after more than five years since registration expired; .09.05 preserves its exception for applicants qualified under .08. The Board page uses five years or more and instructs former licensees to manage their existing OneStop record; at exactly five years, the administrative rule permits reinstatement.
Late registration renewal within twelve months
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Ce
Unless exempt or conditionally renewed, earn eighteen approved CE hours in the preceding twelve months, or in the preceding twenty-four months using previously unused credits; at least twelve clinical/scientific hours and no more than six non-scientific hours. Keep attendance records and provide verification if requested.
First year exemption
The initial twelve-month exemption from proof of CE applies only on the terms of COMAR 15.14.10.03A.
Lapse
Registration is lapsed less than twelve months; use the OneStop portal and pay the applicable late fee, stated as $200 after July 1 by the Board page. At twelve months, the rule says failure to renew within twelve months requires reinstatement.
Registration
Register annually and pay the applicable registration fee; provide primary practice, business phone, home and mailing addresses, and report name/address changes within thirty days.
Renewal affirmation
The Board renewal page states: When you renew your license registration, you are required to affirm that you know and understand them. This renewal affirmation is a condition in the renewal instructions; the statutory and regulatory renewal requirements do not establish a separately required Board Examination.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reinstatement after lapse, within five years
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Approval
The Board reviews all Type 3 applications; reinstatement requires Board approval.
Board attestation instruction
The Board licensure page states: ALL APPLICANTS are required to attest that they have read and comprehend the laws and regulations governing the practice of veterinary medicine in Maryland. Failure to adhere to state regulations can result in disciplinary action. The controlling reinstatement submission list in COMAR 15.14.01.11E imposes no examination; the implementation attestation is retained as an applicant condition.
Boundary difference
The rule allows reinstatement when expired no more than five years ago; the Board page states five years or more requires application as though never licensed. The rule controls the exact five-year boundary.
Continuing education
The Board Type 3 instruction specifies eighteen CE credits for each year lapsed.
Lapse
Failed to renew within twelve months; the last registration expired no more than five years before reinstatement application (COMAR 15.14.01.11B-C).
Submission
Personal History Form, current resume, verification from all past/current licensing boards, and proof of the prescribed CE type and hours for the entire lapse; pay reinstatement fee and, after approval, registration fee.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Discretionary new license within two years of revocation
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Board attestation instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: ALL APPLICANTS are required to attest that they have read and comprehend the laws and regulations governing the practice of veterinary medicine in Maryland. Failure to adhere to state regulations can result in disciplinary action. The statute expressly permits issuance without examination; the general Board attestation instruction is an applicant condition.
Board vote
The Board may issue a new license without examination by affirmative vote of four members, under Agriculture §2-312.
Revocation
Application within two years from the license revocation date.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — alternative clinical experience
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Not absent from clinical practice for more than five consecutive years; practiced at least the equivalent of three full years during the preceding five years; submit all jurisdictional verifications and proof of Maryland-required CE type and hours over that period (COMAR 15.14.08.01B).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Remedial ce
If prior CE type or hours are insufficient, complete and document the requisite clinically oriented or practical hours under COMAR 15.14.08.01D.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of continuous clinical practice
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Engaged in clinical veterinary practice continuously for the five years preceding application (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(a)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of clinical teaching
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Taught clinical veterinary medicine for the five years preceding application at an AVMA-accredited institution (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(b)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure from another jurisdiction — government service relocation
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Government service by the applicant or spouse caused relocation outside the United States. If the three-in-five-year practice condition is unmet, prove either ten full equivalent years of clinical practice over the career or at least one full equivalent year during the preceding five years (COMAR 15.14.08.01C).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other alternative requirements
COMAR 15.14.08.01B still requires no clinical absence longer than five consecutive years, all jurisdictional verifications, and the prescribed CE type and hours; additional clinically oriented or practical CE may cure a deficiency under .01D.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure by examination — AVMA accredited or approved graduate

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-accredited or Board-approved veterinary school; submit authenticated transcript or diploma. Students within approximately eight months of graduation may take the examination, but license issuance requires the graduation evidence.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using ECFVG

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Ecfvg clinical
After June 30, 2012, obtain the ECFVG clinical portion by passing the approved CPE (COMAR 15.14.09.06B).
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-listed veterinary school that is not AVMA-accredited; submit authenticated transcript and ECFVG certificate. Enrollment may establish examination eligibility but certification is needed for issuance.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Restoration after revocation exceeding two years — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using PAVE

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Certificate alternative
COMAR 15.14.09.02B(8) defines a foreign veterinary graduate by the non-AVMA-accredited degree; .03A(1)(c) expressly includes BCSE and CPE for such an applicant. COMAR .05B(2)(b) nevertheless accepts either an ECFVG or PAVE certificate, and the Board licensure page likewise accepts either. Under the task rule for same-rank disagreement, the named BCSE and CPE remain leaves; certificate-based acceptance is recorded here as an applicant condition rather than deleting those examinations.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Submit authenticated veterinary school transcript or diploma and PAVE certificate; enrollment can establish examination eligibility.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Pave experience
PAVE evaluated clinical experience is at least twelve months of evaluation by clinical faculty at an AVMA-accredited veterinary college. It is a training condition, not a separately identified examination.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
Agriculture §2-312 requires compliance with the same requirements imposed on other license applicants after two years from revocation. The applicable examination or other-jurisdiction pathway conditions therefore apply.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure from another jurisdiction — alternative clinical experience
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Not absent from clinical practice for more than five consecutive years; practiced at least the equivalent of three full years during the preceding five years; submit all jurisdictional verifications and proof of Maryland-required CE type and hours over that period (COMAR 15.14.08.01B).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Remedial ce
If prior CE type or hours are insufficient, complete and document the requisite clinically oriented or practical hours under COMAR 15.14.08.01D.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of continuous clinical practice
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Engaged in clinical veterinary practice continuously for the five years preceding application (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(a)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure from another jurisdiction — five years of clinical teaching
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Taught clinical veterinary medicine for the five years preceding application at an AVMA-accredited institution (COMAR 15.14.08.01A(2)(b)).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure from another jurisdiction — government service relocation
Maryland State Board Examination (assessment without a question bank)
Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board discretion
COMAR 15.14.08.01 states that the Board may license an applicant meeting its conditions; approval is not automatic.
Certification instruction
The Board Type 2 page requests ECFVG or PAVE certification from a non-AVMA-accredited graduate. This certification is a condition; the endorsement rule does not name BCSE, CPE, QSE, or NAVLE as examinations for this route.
Experience
Government service by the applicant or spouse caused relocation outside the United States. If the three-in-five-year practice condition is unmet, prove either ten full equivalent years of clinical practice over the career or at least one full equivalent year during the preceding five years (COMAR 15.14.08.01C).
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Older score instruction
The Board Type 2 page describes applicants with scores older than five years and the listed practice, teaching, or government-relocation history. COMAR 15.14.08 instead exhaustively identifies the licensing conditions and requires the Board Examination; it imposes no current nationwide examination for this route.
Other alternative requirements
COMAR 15.14.08.01B still requires no clinical absence longer than five consecutive years, all jurisdictional verifications, and the prescribed CE type and hours; additional clinically oriented or practical CE may cure a deficiency under .01D.
Other license
Currently licensed in another state, or licensed in a foreign jurisdiction and graduated from an AVMA-accredited school, under COMAR 15.14.08.01A(1).
Professional history
Submit the professional resume, jurisdictional good-standing letters, and disciplinary or criminal documentation requested by the Board Type 2 instructions.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure by examination — AVMA accredited or approved graduate

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-accredited or Board-approved veterinary school; submit authenticated transcript or diploma. Students within approximately eight months of graduation may take the examination, but license issuance requires the graduation evidence.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using ECFVG

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Ecfvg clinical
After June 30, 2012, obtain the ECFVG clinical portion by passing the approved CPE (COMAR 15.14.09.06B).
Education
Graduate of an AVMA-listed veterinary school that is not AVMA-accredited; submit authenticated transcript and ECFVG certificate. Enrollment may establish examination eligibility but certification is needed for issuance.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.
Requalification after failure to complete initial registration — Licensure by examination — non accredited graduate using PAVE

All of the following:

Application
Submit the completed application, applicable application and registration fees, and a headshot photograph taken within six months; the examination application documents must be supplied within one year of Board receipt.
Attestation
Read and comprehend Maryland veterinary law and sign the notarized or electronic statement required by COMAR 15.14.09.03D.
Board five year instruction
The lower-ranked Board licensure page states: Note Regarding Test Scores: If your test scores are more than 5 years old and you have not practiced or taught veterinary medicine continuously in the preceding 5 years, you will need to obtain new test scores before being able to apply. Information for taking the NAVLE can be found here. ICVA - NAVLE The seven-year administrative rule governs the examination requirement; the Board instruction is retained for the applicant.
Certificate alternative
COMAR 15.14.09.02B(8) defines a foreign veterinary graduate by the non-AVMA-accredited degree; .03A(1)(c) expressly includes BCSE and CPE for such an applicant. COMAR .05B(2)(b) nevertheless accepts either an ECFVG or PAVE certificate, and the Board licensure page likewise accepts either. Under the task rule for same-rank disagreement, the named BCSE and CPE remain leaves; certificate-based acceptance is recorded here as an applicant condition rather than deleting those examinations.
Discontinued prior scores
NBE and CCT were replaced by NAVLE beginning November 2000 (ICVA notice). COMAR 15.14.09.03E(2) accepts those prior scores only within seven years, otherwise requiring NAVLE unless COMAR 15.14.08 applies. These discontinued tests are prior-score conditions, not current leaves.
Education
Submit authenticated veterinary school transcript or diploma and PAVE certificate; enrollment can establish examination eligibility.
Medical fitness
Agriculture §2-307.1 permits the Board to direct a mental or physical examination on reasonable evidence of inability to practice competently; this medical examination is an applicant fitness condition.
Moral character
Good moral character is required by Agriculture §2-307(c) and COMAR 15.14.08.01E.
Navle score age
COMAR 15.14.09.03E(1) accepts a prior NAVLE passing score no more than seven years old. After seven years, retake NAVLE unless eligible under COMAR 15.14.08.
Pave experience
PAVE evaluated clinical experience is at least twelve months of evaluation by clinical faculty at an AVMA-accredited veterinary college. It is a training condition, not a separately identified examination.
Records
Provide school-authenticated transcripts or diploma and an English translation if needed, and letters of good standing from all jurisdictions where previously or currently licensed. Disclose disciplinary matters and criminal convictions and supply supporting documents.
Registration
Complete registration and have the license and registration in possession before practicing. A practitioner who fails to register within twelve months of approval must requalify under COMAR 15.14.08 or 15.14.09.
Returning applicant
COMAR 15.14.10.03B requires requalification under COMAR 15.14.08 or .09, as applicable, when the practitioner fails to register within twelve months after notification of meeting the licensure requirements.

Maryland State Board Examination

This assessment does not have a question bank.

Provider
Maryland State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners
Format
Reading and comprehension with notarized or electronic attestation
Passing score
Completion of the signed attestation specified in COMAR 15.14.09.03D
Examination sources

Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination

Provider
AVMA ECFVG; administered by Prometric
Format
Computer-based examination of multiple-choice and alternative-format questions (such as matching, drag-and-drop and hot spot), offered throughout the year on a continuous testing basis at Prometric test centers
Exam questions
225 questions, of which 25 are unscored pretest items
Time limit
220-minute test session within a four-hour testing appointment
Passing score
Scaled passing score of 580 (scale of approximately 300 to beyond 900)
Exam fee
$250.00 for registrations after January 1, 2026
Examination outline

The authority publishes question-count ranges for each content area. The practice percentages below use the midpoint of each range, normalized to 100%; they are not exact percentages published by the authority. Practice question counts may differ slightly because of rounding.

  • 1. Anatomy — Official range: 18–20 questions (Practice allocation: 8.94%)
    • Anatomy
  • 2. Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology — Official range: 28–32 questions (Practice allocation: 14.12%)
    • Pharmacology
    • Physiology
    • Toxicology
  • 3. Pathology — Official range: 20–23 questions (Practice allocation: 10.12%)
    • Anatomic pathology
    • Clinical pathology
    • Pathophysiology
  • 4. Medicine — Official range: 50–55 questions (Practice allocation: 24.71%)
    • Etiology
    • Pathophysiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
  • 5. Anesthesia — Official range: 20–23 questions (Practice allocation: 10.12%)
    • Anesthesia
  • 6. Surgery — Official range: 22–25 questions (Practice allocation: 11.06%)
    • Surgery
  • 7. Diagnostics — Official range: 22–25 questions (Practice allocation: 11.06%)
    • Diagnostic techniques
    • Diagnostic imaging
  • 8. Animal Welfare — Official range: 6–7 questions (Practice allocation: 3.06%)
    • Euthanasia
    • Species appropriate behavior
    • Abnormal animal behavior
    • Pain assessment and management
    • Signs of abuse
    • Species specific husbandry
    • Restraint techniques
  • 9. Preventive Medicine — Official range: 14–15 questions (Practice allocation: 6.82%)
    • Disease prevention
    • Epidemiology
    • Nutrition
    • Public health
    • Regulatory programs
Examination sources

Clinical Proficiency Examination

This assessment does not have a question bank.

Provider
AVMA ECFVG in cooperation with approved sites (faculty of a college of veterinary medicine or other authorized testing institution)
Format
Hands-on, performance-based clinical skills examination in 7 sections over 3 days
Passing score
At least 60 of 100 points in each section except anesthesia and surgery, which are scored pass or fail; all 7 sections must be passed
Exam fee
$12,804 (USD) for 2026 administrations after January 1 ($12,604 CPE application fee + $200 administrative fee)
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources