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Maine Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

Veterinarian

Ordinary Maine license to practice veterinary medicine. Statutory practice exemptions do not create additional license types.

Licensing authority: Maine State Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Relicensure or reinstatement after revocation or suspension
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Board discretion
Submit a written application showing cause justifying relicensure or reinstatement; the Board may approve without examination by majority vote at any time.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure by endorsement under 32 M.R.S. §4861(6) and 10 M.R.S. §8003 H
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Denial and fees
No statutory cause for license denial; pay the applicable fee.
Good standing
Be in good standing in every jurisdiction where a license is held or was held: no pending complaint, allegation or investigation, suspension or practice restrictions, prior surrender or revocation.
Jurisprudence
Section 8003-H permits requiring a jurisprudence exam already required by law or rule. The Board states its written jurisprudence exam was replaced with an attestation.
License
Hold a license in another U.S. jurisdiction whose licensing requirements are substantially equivalent; the Board must determine the license appropriate for endorsement.
Lower ranked rule
Chapter 2 §3(1) states: 'A veterinarian licensed in good standing in another state, United States territory or Canada is eligible for licensure by endorsement upon: A. Achievement of a passing score on a national examination; B. Achievement of a passing score on the Maine jurisprudence examination; and C. Proof of active practice of clinical veterinary medicine for 3,000 hours during the three years preceding application.' This older rule describes the veterinary-specific process. The later notwithstanding statute supplies a separate substantial-equivalence process.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

License from another jurisdiction under 32 M.R.S. §4861(5)

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit a completed application, required supporting documents and fees; be trustworthy and competent under 32 M.R.S. §4861.
Attestation
The Board states that it is not enforcing Chapter 2, Section 4 and replaced the written jurisprudence examination with the application attestation. Read and agree to abide by the listed laws and rules. The unrepealed Chapter 2 exam requirement is recorded as a formal rule requirement for a discontinued assessment, not as a currently offered exam.
Clinical experience
Section 4861(5)(E) requires 3,000 clinical veterinary practice hours in the three years before application.
Education
Hold a doctorate in veterinary medicine or its accepted equivalent and provide official educational transcripts.
Exam waiver form
The application checklist accepts examination scores or an examination-waiver form; approval depends on the applicable legal waiver.
Historical examination scores
Chapter 2 accepts historical NBE and CCT scores, or NBE alone where applicable. ICVA states that NBE was last administered April 11, 2000 and CCT April 12, 2000. These discontinued examination scores are prior evidence, not current examination leaves.
Implementation experience form
The application and the October 2019 waiver form state that their 3,000-hour verification applies to applicants who took only NBE. Section 4861(5)(E), which outranks the form, requires 3,000 hours for this statutory route.
License verification
Provide verification from every jurisdiction in which a veterinarian license has ever been held; the application also asks for verification of other professional licenses.
Mandatory waiver
Section 4861(5) requires waiver of the examination for at least 6,000 clinical practice hours during the preceding six years without disciplinary action from another state, United States territory or Canadian province. This is an applicant-specific exemption; the currently offered NAVLE remains a route leaf.
Other license
Hold a valid license in another state, United States territory, Canadian province or other jurisdiction; Chapter 2 describes good standing in another state, territory or Canada.
Licensure by examination — AVMA accredited veterinary education

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit a completed application, required supporting documents and fees; be trustworthy and competent under 32 M.R.S. §4861.
Attestation
The Board states that it is not enforcing Chapter 2, Section 4 and replaced the written jurisprudence examination with the application attestation. Read and agree to abide by the listed laws and rules. The unrepealed Chapter 2 exam requirement is recorded as a formal rule requirement for a discontinued assessment, not as a currently offered exam.
Education
Hold a doctorate in veterinary medicine or its accepted equivalent and provide official educational transcripts.
Exam waiver form
The application checklist accepts examination scores or an examination-waiver form; approval depends on the applicable legal waiver.
Historical examination scores
Chapter 2 accepts historical NBE and CCT scores, or NBE alone where applicable. ICVA states that NBE was last administered April 11, 2000 and CCT April 12, 2000. These discontinued examination scores are prior evidence, not current examination leaves.
License verification
Provide verification from every jurisdiction in which a veterinarian license has ever been held; the application also asks for verification of other professional licenses.
Qualifying school
The veterinary school in the United States or a foreign country was AVMA Council on Education accredited when the degree was awarded.
Licensure by examination — non AVMA accredited foreign veterinary education

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit a completed application, required supporting documents and fees; be trustworthy and competent under 32 M.R.S. §4861.
Attestation
The Board states that it is not enforcing Chapter 2, Section 4 and replaced the written jurisprudence examination with the application attestation. Read and agree to abide by the listed laws and rules. The unrepealed Chapter 2 exam requirement is recorded as a formal rule requirement for a discontinued assessment, not as a currently offered exam.
Education
Hold a doctorate in veterinary medicine or its accepted equivalent and provide official educational transcripts.
Equivalence program
Complete either AAVSB PAVE or AVMA ECFVG certification. The Maine sources require these programs/certificates without identifying QSE, BCSE or CPE as examinations of this route; no constituent examination is inferred from a program name.
Exam waiver form
The application checklist accepts examination scores or an examination-waiver form; approval depends on the applicable legal waiver.
Historical examination scores
Chapter 2 accepts historical NBE and CCT scores, or NBE alone where applicable. ICVA states that NBE was last administered April 11, 2000 and CCT April 12, 2000. These discontinued examination scores are prior evidence, not current examination leaves.
License verification
Provide verification from every jurisdiction in which a veterinarian license has ever been held; the application also asks for verification of other professional licenses.
Qualifying school
Graduate of a foreign veterinary school not accredited by AVMA; establish equivalent education and training.
Reapplication more than 90 days and within two years after expiration

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit a completed application, required supporting documents and fees; be trustworthy and competent under 32 M.R.S. §4861.
Attestation
The Board states that it is not enforcing Chapter 2, Section 4 and replaced the written jurisprudence examination with the application attestation. Read and agree to abide by the listed laws and rules. The unrepealed Chapter 2 exam requirement is recorded as a formal rule requirement for a discontinued assessment, not as a currently offered exam.
Education
Hold a doctorate in veterinary medicine or its accepted equivalent and provide official educational transcripts.
Exam waiver form
The application checklist accepts examination scores or an examination-waiver form; approval depends on the applicable legal waiver.
Examination waiver
The Board may waive examination after considering public protection when the renewal application and all specified fees are received within two years after expiration.
Expired license
More than 90 days and no more than two years after expiration
Historical examination scores
Chapter 2 accepts historical NBE and CCT scores, or NBE alone where applicable. ICVA states that NBE was last administered April 11, 2000 and CCT April 12, 2000. These discontinued examination scores are prior evidence, not current examination leaves.
License verification
Provide verification from every jurisdiction in which a veterinarian license has ever been held; the application also asks for verification of other professional licenses.
Reapplication
Subject to requirements governing new applicants; use the original application, documentation and fees.
Reapplication more than two years after expiration

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit a completed application, required supporting documents and fees; be trustworthy and competent under 32 M.R.S. §4861.
Attestation
The Board states that it is not enforcing Chapter 2, Section 4 and replaced the written jurisprudence examination with the application attestation. Read and agree to abide by the listed laws and rules. The unrepealed Chapter 2 exam requirement is recorded as a formal rule requirement for a discontinued assessment, not as a currently offered exam.
Education
Hold a doctorate in veterinary medicine or its accepted equivalent and provide official educational transcripts.
Exam waiver form
The application checklist accepts examination scores or an examination-waiver form; approval depends on the applicable legal waiver.
Examination waiver
The specific late-renewal examination waiver in §4863 is limited to applications within two years; other independently applicable legal waivers remain applicant conditions.
Expired license
More than two years after expiration
Historical examination scores
Chapter 2 accepts historical NBE and CCT scores, or NBE alone where applicable. ICVA states that NBE was last administered April 11, 2000 and CCT April 12, 2000. These discontinued examination scores are prior evidence, not current examination leaves.
License verification
Provide verification from every jurisdiction in which a veterinarian license has ever been held; the application also asks for verification of other professional licenses.
Reapplication
Subject to requirements governing new applicants; use the original application, documentation and fees.
Inactive status during active military duty
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Active duty
A licensed veterinarian on active duty with a branch of the U.S. Armed Services may receive a renewal-fee waiver for no more than the longer of three years or the national emergency.
Continuing education
The Board may waive continuing education on inactive status; Chapter 4 §1(3) retains an outdated cross-reference to Chapter 2 §4(E).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

  • title32-ch71a.pdf

    32 M.R.S. §4863, annual renewal by fee, page 8

  • 285c002.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 2, §7, military inactive status

  • 285c004.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 4, §1(3), inactive continuing education waiver

Late renewal/reinstatement within 90 days after expiration
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Complete 24 contact hours of approved continuing professional education during each two-year period ending September 30 in an even-numbered year; the first even-year renewal after initial Maine licensure is exempt.
Controlled substance education
A veterinarian prescribing a benzodiazepine or opioid must complete one hour of controlled-substance education every two years under §4878(3).
Late fee
Pay the late fee in addition to the renewal fee; application must be within 90 days after expiration.
Term
Annual renewal on September 30; submit renewal application and required fee.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

  • title32-ch71a.pdf

    32 M.R.S. §4863, late reinstatement and reapplication, page 8

  • 285c004.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 4, §1(1), continuing professional education

  • 285c004.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 4, §1(2), first even-year renewal exemption

  • title32-ch71a.pdf

    32 M.R.S. §4878(3), controlled-substance continuing education, page 14

Qualified person military endorsement
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Discretion
The Board may permit endorsement under §8011(1).
License
Hold a comparable license in good standing in another state.
Military status
Be an active-duty service member or spouse/domestic partner, or a recently separated veteran or spouse/domestic partner; recently separated means within three years after honorable discharge or release from active duty.
Term
Endorsement is for the remainder of the other state's license term or until a Maine license is obtained.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Annual renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Complete 24 contact hours of approved continuing professional education during each two-year period ending September 30 in an even-numbered year; the first even-year renewal after initial Maine licensure is exempt.
Controlled substance education
A veterinarian prescribing a benzodiazepine or opioid must complete one hour of controlled-substance education every two years under §4878(3).
Term
Annual renewal on September 30; submit renewal application and required fee.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

  • title32-ch71a.pdf

    32 M.R.S. §4863, annual renewal by fee, page 8

  • 285c004.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 4, §1(1), continuing professional education

  • 285c004.doc

    02-285 CMR Chapter 4, §1(2), first even-year renewal exemption

  • title32-ch71a.pdf

    32 M.R.S. §4878(3), controlled-substance continuing education, page 14

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources