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Georgia Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Veterinarian

Ordinary license to practice veterinary medicine; inactive, renewed and reinstated statuses remain forms of this license.

Licensing authority: Georgia State Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Licensure by endorsement under O.C.G.A. 43 1 35(c)
Veterinary Law Examination
Existing license
Hold a current license issued by another state whose training, experience and testing are substantially similar in qualifications and scope; be in good standing and not subject to an investigation or disciplinary proceeding.
Implementation boundary
The May 2023 committee minutes establish the Board’s express interpretation that veterinarians are not excluded healthcare providers. The proposed endorsement rule in those minutes is not treated as an adopted rule; the currently codified 700-2-.04 instead governs registered temporary licenses.
Lawful presence
Submit application, fee and lawful-presence verification; O.C.G.A. 43-1-35(g) preserves verification under 50-36-1.
Ordinary application statement
The ordinary application rule separately requests: (c) All scores of the applicant from the North American Veterinary Licensure Examination (NAVLE) or the Clinical Competency Test (CCT) and the National Board Examination (NBE) or an equivalent examination acceptable to the Board; That lower-ranked ordinary application demand is shown as a condition and does not enlarge the statutory endorsement examination set.
Residency
SB 195 (2024) removes the requirement to move to and establish Georgia residency before endorsement.
Statutory exam limit
O.C.G.A. 43-1-35(c) allows only an examination demonstrating knowledge of Georgia laws, rules and regulations; the registered Georgia Veterinary Law Examination fills that requirement.
Expedited endorsement — military spouse
Veterinary Law Examination
Existing license
Hold a current license issued by another state whose training, experience and testing are substantially similar in qualifications and scope; be in good standing and not subject to an investigation or disciplinary proceeding.
Implementation boundary
The May 2023 committee minutes establish the Board’s express interpretation that veterinarians are not excluded healthcare providers. The proposed endorsement rule in those minutes is not treated as an adopted rule; the currently codified 700-2-.04 instead governs registered temporary licenses.
Lawful presence
Submit application, fee and lawful-presence verification; O.C.G.A. 43-1-35(g) preserves verification under 50-36-1.
Military status
Applicant is the spouse of a service member or transitioning service member stationed in Georgia.
Ordinary application statement
The ordinary application rule separately requests: (c) All scores of the applicant from the North American Veterinary Licensure Examination (NAVLE) or the Clinical Competency Test (CCT) and the National Board Examination (NBE) or an equivalent examination acceptable to the Board; That lower-ranked ordinary application demand is shown as a condition and does not enlarge the statutory endorsement examination set.
Processing
HB 880 requires issuance within 30 days after complete statutory verification. A qualifying spouse may work under the separate employer/application conditions of 43-1-34(d) while endorsement is pending.
Residency
SB 195 (2024) removes the requirement to move to and establish Georgia residency before endorsement.
Statutory exam limit
O.C.G.A. 43-1-35(b) permits only the Georgia-specific laws and rules examination for this expedited endorsement.
Licensure by application/examination — accredited veterinary graduate

All of the following:

Application
Submit the Board application, required fee, proof of lawful presence, secure and verifiable identification and the citizenship affidavit; submit other jurisdiction verifications where applicable.
Character
The applicant must be of good moral character and supply explanations and certified records for affirmative criminal, disciplinary or fitness disclosures.
Education
An accredited veterinary college must send proof of the DVM award directly. If the official transcript is not yet available, the current rule accepts the dean letter or electronic proof followed by an official transcript within 30 days.
Historical scores
NBE and CCT are discontinued examinations replaced by NAVLE in November 2000; accepted historical NBE/CCT scores are applicant evidence, not requirement leaves. The Board may accept an equivalent examination, but that open slot identifies no additional current registered examination.
Law exam
Complete and submit the Veterinary Law Examination with a passing score.
Minimum age
The applicant must be at least 18 years old.
National score
Georgia Rule 700-2-.03 requires a NAVLE score of 75 or greater; a passing score already earned is accepted as examination evidence.
Licensure by application/examination — foreign trained veterinary graduate
Application
Submit the Board application, required fee, proof of lawful presence, secure and verifiable identification and the citizenship affidavit; submit other jurisdiction verifications where applicable.
Bcse applicability
The November 28, 2022 official application foreign-graduate checklist states: FOREIGN GRADUATES must submit verification of enrollment in PAVE or enrollment in the ECFVG, including proof of completion of step 2-English proficiency, and Step 3-passing the BCSE, to be eligible to sit for the NAVLE exam. The BCSE leaf preserves this expressly named examination; the PAVE/ECFVG pathway and the applicability of that checklist remain applicant conditions.
Character
The applicant must be of good moral character and supply explanations and certified records for affirmative criminal, disciplinary or fitness disclosures.
Education
Submit the foreign veterinary transcript and ECFVG certification, completion of PAVE, or an equivalent document acceptable to the Board.
Historical scores
NBE and CCT are discontinued examinations replaced by NAVLE in November 2000; accepted historical NBE/CCT scores are applicant evidence, not requirement leaves. The Board may accept an equivalent examination, but that open slot identifies no additional current registered examination.
Language
The application identifies English proficiency completion as an applicant qualification; language testing is not a professional-examination leaf.
Law exam
Complete and submit the Veterinary Law Examination with a passing score.
Minimum age
The applicant must be at least 18 years old.
National score
Georgia Rule 700-2-.03 requires a NAVLE score of 75 or greater; a passing score already earned is accepted as examination evidence.
Program alternatives
ECFVG and PAVE certification are alternative applicant qualifications. They do not identify QSE or CPE in Georgia’s requirement evidence.
Restoration of revoked, surrendered or refused license
Board conditions
The Board may impose lawful disciplinary or corrective conditions, practice restrictions, probation or treatment requirements. Mental or physical fitness examinations are applicant conditions, not veterinary professional-exam leaves.
Law exam
For ordinary and specialist restoration, the Board currently requests the Georgia Law Exam as part of the reinstatement application. Faculty applications retain their institution-specific qualifications.
National exam
An identified national examination may be required under the applicable reinstatement rules; the Board determines whether the five-year nonpractice condition applies.
Prior status
Board-revoked, surrendered, refused or denied license; request restoration under the procedures and conditions the Board prescribes.
Placement of a current license on inactive status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Inactive limits
No veterinary practice or holding oneself out as available to practice; no renewal or CE is required while inactive.
Prior license
Hold a valid current active Georgia license and submit a notarized written request.
Scope
Specialty or institutional limitations of the original credential remain relevant on reactivation.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Late renewal within the authorized renewal period
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, fee and required disclosures; notify address changes within 30 days.
Continuing education
30 Board-approved hours in the biennium, including required LEAP hours and scientific subject requirements and the first-licensure-year adjustments in 700-7-.03. Complete continuing-education attestations and documentation.
Late period
January 1-January 31 following the even-year expiry; late fees apply. The older 2014 policy’s three-month renewal statement is superseded by current 295-2-.10(e).
Renewal
Renew by December 31 of even-numbered years; 295-2-.10(e) sets late renewal January 1-January 31 of odd years.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reactivation of inactive license
Application
Complete reinstatement application, fee, detailed resume and other licensing-jurisdiction verifications.
Board discretion
Reinstatement and disciplinary or corrective conditions remain within Board discretion.
Continuing education
Document at least 30 Board-approved CE hours obtained within the two years preceding application.
National exam discretion
The Board-linked veterinarian reinstatement/reactivation policy expressly identifies NAVLE at Board discretion after three or more years without active practice. Where current 700-7-.02 applies, its five-year national-examination threshold controls.
Policy quote
Applicants who have not actively practiced for 3 or more years may be required to take examinations (NAVLE, QE, VCSA or a substantial equivalent) at the board’s discretion.
Prior policy
The 2009 reinstatement/reactivation policy lists NAVLE, QE, VCSA or substantial equivalent after three years without practice; current 700-7-.02(4) controls the five-year reinstatement threshold. QE and VCSA are historical abbreviations in that policy, not identified current registered exams.
Prior status
Previously held an active Georgia license subsequently placed on inactive status.
Reactivation
Submit the reinstatement request and fee, 30 CE hours within two years, evidence of good standing elsewhere and absence of disqualifying convictions.
Unidentified alternative
700-7-.02 permits an unnamed species-specific examination instead; no species is identified, so that slot is a condition. It does not justify assuming the registered companion-animal or equine exam.
Reinstatement of administratively lapsed license
Application
Complete reinstatement application, fee, detailed resume and other licensing-jurisdiction verifications.
Board discretion
Reinstatement and disciplinary or corrective conditions remain within Board discretion.
Continuing education
Document at least 30 Board-approved CE hours obtained within the two years preceding application.
National exam discretion
The Board may require the national examination if there has been no active practice within the past five years. NAVLE is the national examination adopted by 700-2-.03.
Prior policy
The 2009 reinstatement/reactivation policy lists NAVLE, QE, VCSA or substantial equivalent after three years without practice; current 700-7-.02(4) controls the five-year reinstatement threshold. QE and VCSA are historical abbreviations in that policy, not identified current registered exams.
Prior status
Previously held the Georgia license, which lapsed after its authorized late-renewal period.
Unidentified alternative
700-7-.02 permits an unnamed species-specific examination instead; no species is identified, so that slot is a condition. It does not justify assuming the registered companion-animal or equine exam.
Biennial renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, fee and required disclosures; notify address changes within 30 days.
Continuing education
30 Board-approved hours in the biennium, including required LEAP hours and scientific subject requirements and the first-licensure-year adjustments in 700-7-.03. Complete continuing-education attestations and documentation.
Renewal
Renew by December 31 of even-numbered years; 295-2-.10(e) sets late renewal January 1-January 31 of odd years.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Permanent license from temporary military license — service member

All of the following:

Application
Submit the Board application, required fee, proof of lawful presence, secure and verifiable identification and the citizenship affidavit; submit other jurisdiction verifications where applicable.
Character
The applicant must be of good moral character and supply explanations and certified records for affirmative criminal, disciplinary or fitness disclosures.
Education
Provide a direct accredited DVM transcript or ECFVG certificate or its substantial equivalent.
Historical scores
NBE and CCT are discontinued examinations replaced by NAVLE in November 2000; accepted historical NBE/CCT scores are applicant evidence, not requirement leaves. The Board may accept an equivalent examination, but that open slot identifies no additional current registered examination.
Law exam
Complete and submit the Veterinary Law Examination with a passing score.
Military status
Qualifying transitioning service member holding the temporary license. Military spouses eligible for statutory expedited endorsement have the separate law-only endorsement route.
Minimum age
The applicant must be at least 18 years old.
National score
Georgia Rule 700-2-.03 requires a NAVLE score of 75 or greater; a passing score already earned is accepted as examination evidence.
Temporary status
Permanent conversion ends the temporary license; Board Rule 700-4-.01(6) defines the conversion requirements.
Renewal after military active duty outside Georgia
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Fee
The active-duty renewal-fee waiver applies under 700-7-.01(2).
Military status
License expired while on active duty outside Georgia; furnish official military orders or commanding-officer verification.
Return window
Renew without penalty within six months after discharge or reassignment to Georgia; the rule also authorizes practice during that period.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Amendment authorizing veterinary telemedicine
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Clinical conditions
The animal resides in Georgia; preserve confidentiality, give written identifying information and limitations and obtain client acknowledgment. Existing VCPR and statutory emergency/teletriage exceptions govern under 43-50-120 through 43-50-122.
Existing license
Hold a good-standing Georgia veterinary license and primarily practice in Georgia through in-person visits.
Notification
Notify the Board of intent and satisfy its additional requirements. The current Board workflow requires an intent affidavit, informed-consent documentation and a license-amendment application.
Scope
This is an amendment to an existing veterinary license, not an independent examination or new national exam route.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

  • sb105-2025.pdf

    O.C.G.A. 43-50-120(a)(1)-(5), telemedicine qualification and notification

Veterinary Specialist License

License for a foreign veterinary graduate with a qualifying residency or training program and recognized specialty board certification; practice is restricted to the certified specialty.

Licensing authority: Georgia State Board of Veterinary Medicine · Application information

Restoration of revoked, surrendered or refused license
Board conditions
The Board may impose lawful disciplinary or corrective conditions, practice restrictions, probation or treatment requirements. Mental or physical fitness examinations are applicant conditions, not veterinary professional-exam leaves.
Law exam
For ordinary and specialist restoration, the Board currently requests the Georgia Law Exam as part of the reinstatement application. Faculty applications retain their institution-specific qualifications.
National exam
An identified national examination may be required under the applicable reinstatement rules; the Board determines whether the five-year nonpractice condition applies.
Prior status
Board-revoked, surrendered, refused or denied license; request restoration under the procedures and conditions the Board prescribes.
Placement of a current license on inactive status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Inactive limits
No veterinary practice or holding oneself out as available to practice; no renewal or CE is required while inactive.
Prior license
Hold a valid current active Georgia license and submit a notarized written request.
Scope
Specialty or institutional limitations of the original credential remain relevant on reactivation.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Foreign trained veterinary specialist licensure

All of the following:

Age character
Applicant must be at least 18 and of good moral character.
Application
Complete application, fee, transcript, credential evaluation, diplomate and residency proof, background and jurisdictional verifications and lawful-presence documentation.
Education
Foreign veterinary degree and transcript certifying completion. ECFVG, PAVE or another Board-authorized document may support the certification; the statute does not make those supporting alternatives mandatory in this specialty pathway.
Exam applicability
The current Board guide lists national scores if applicable and a Georgia Law Exam score for this license. The statute’s specialty alternative does not expressly exempt examinations and retains Board rule qualifications in 43-50-31(a)(4); the NAVLE and law leaves therefore preserve the examinations identified in the applicable veterinary rules. The Board decides whether a particular applicant needs national score evidence.
Other exam slot
The Board guide’s species-specific score if applicable does not identify a particular species-specific examination. It remains an applicant condition, not an inferred companion-animal or equine leaf.
Practice limit
Practice only in the certified veterinary specialty; practice outside it violates 43-50-30 and 43-50-45.
Specialty training
Complete a residency or similar training program of at least two years and hold specialty board certification recognized by AVMA, ABVS or another AVMA Board-approved organization.
Late renewal within the authorized renewal period
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, fee and required disclosures; notify address changes within 30 days.
Continuing education
30 Board-approved hours in the biennium, including required LEAP hours and scientific subject requirements and the first-licensure-year adjustments in 700-7-.03. Complete continuing-education attestations and documentation.
Late period
January 1-January 31 following the even-year expiry; late fees apply. The older 2014 policy’s three-month renewal statement is superseded by current 295-2-.10(e).
Renewal
Renew by December 31 of even-numbered years; 295-2-.10(e) sets late renewal January 1-January 31 of odd years.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reactivation of inactive license
Application
Complete reinstatement application, fee, detailed resume and other licensing-jurisdiction verifications.
Board discretion
Reinstatement and disciplinary or corrective conditions remain within Board discretion.
Continuing education
Document at least 30 Board-approved CE hours obtained within the two years preceding application.
National exam discretion
The Board-linked veterinarian reinstatement/reactivation policy expressly identifies NAVLE at Board discretion after three or more years without active practice. Where current 700-7-.02 applies, its five-year national-examination threshold controls.
Policy quote
Applicants who have not actively practiced for 3 or more years may be required to take examinations (NAVLE, QE, VCSA or a substantial equivalent) at the board’s discretion.
Prior policy
The 2009 reinstatement/reactivation policy lists NAVLE, QE, VCSA or substantial equivalent after three years without practice; current 700-7-.02(4) controls the five-year reinstatement threshold. QE and VCSA are historical abbreviations in that policy, not identified current registered exams.
Prior status
Previously held an active Georgia license subsequently placed on inactive status.
Reactivation
Submit the reinstatement request and fee, 30 CE hours within two years, evidence of good standing elsewhere and absence of disqualifying convictions.
Unidentified alternative
700-7-.02 permits an unnamed species-specific examination instead; no species is identified, so that slot is a condition. It does not justify assuming the registered companion-animal or equine exam.
Reinstatement of administratively lapsed license
Application
Complete reinstatement application, fee, detailed resume and other licensing-jurisdiction verifications.
Board discretion
Reinstatement and disciplinary or corrective conditions remain within Board discretion.
Continuing education
Document at least 30 Board-approved CE hours obtained within the two years preceding application.
National exam discretion
The Board may require the national examination if there has been no active practice within the past five years. NAVLE is the national examination adopted by 700-2-.03.
Prior policy
The 2009 reinstatement/reactivation policy lists NAVLE, QE, VCSA or substantial equivalent after three years without practice; current 700-7-.02(4) controls the five-year reinstatement threshold. QE and VCSA are historical abbreviations in that policy, not identified current registered exams.
Prior status
Previously held the Georgia license, which lapsed after its authorized late-renewal period.
Unidentified alternative
700-7-.02 permits an unnamed species-specific examination instead; no species is identified, so that slot is a condition. It does not justify assuming the registered companion-animal or equine exam.
Biennial renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, fee and required disclosures; notify address changes within 30 days.
Continuing education
30 Board-approved hours in the biennium, including required LEAP hours and scientific subject requirements and the first-licensure-year adjustments in 700-7-.03. Complete continuing-education attestations and documentation.
Renewal
Renew by December 31 of even-numbered years; 295-2-.10(e) sets late renewal January 1-January 31 of odd years.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Veterinary Law Examination

Provider
Georgia State Board of Veterinary Medicine
Format
Written multiple-choice and true/false questionnaire submitted with the application
Exam questions
18
Passing score
A passing score is required; the form gives no numerical threshold.
Practice scope

Inferred from the examination name; the authority has not published an examination outline.

  • O.C.G.A. Title 43, Chapter 1 — General Provisions
  • O.C.G.A. Title 43, Chapter 50 — Georgia Veterinary Practice Act
  • O.C.G.A. Title 24, Chapter 12 — Medical and Other Confidential Information
  • O.C.G.A. Title 31, Chapter 19 — Control of Rabies
  • O.C.G.A. Title 4, Chapter 1 — General Provisions
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-2 — QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO EXAMINATION
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-4 — TEMPORARY LICENSE
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-5 — FACULTY LICENSE
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-7 — RENEWAL OF LICENSE
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-8 — UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-9 — PROCEDURAL RULES
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-11 — INACTIVE STATUS
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-12 — MINIMUM STANDARDS
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-13 — VETERINARY SPECIALIST
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-14 — SCOPE OF PRACTICE FOR VETERINARY TECHNICIANS
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-15 — SUPERVISION RESPONSIBILITIES OF VETERINARY ASSISTANTS
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 700-16 — PRACTICE OF FOREIGN GRADUATES
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 295-2 — EXPIRATION AND RENEWAL OF LICENSES
  • Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 295-15 — INACTIVE STATUS LICENSES
Examination sources

Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination

Provider
AVMA ECFVG; administered by Prometric
Format
Computer-based examination of multiple-choice and alternative-format questions (such as matching, drag-and-drop and hot spot), offered throughout the year on a continuous testing basis at Prometric test centers
Exam questions
225 questions, of which 25 are unscored pretest items
Time limit
220-minute test session within a four-hour testing appointment
Passing score
Scaled passing score of 580 (scale of approximately 300 to beyond 900)
Exam fee
$250.00 for registrations after January 1, 2026
Examination outline

The authority publishes question-count ranges for each content area. The practice percentages below use the midpoint of each range, normalized to 100%; they are not exact percentages published by the authority. Practice question counts may differ slightly because of rounding.

  • 1. Anatomy — Official range: 18–20 questions (Practice allocation: 8.94%)
    • Anatomy
  • 2. Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology — Official range: 28–32 questions (Practice allocation: 14.12%)
    • Pharmacology
    • Physiology
    • Toxicology
  • 3. Pathology — Official range: 20–23 questions (Practice allocation: 10.12%)
    • Anatomic pathology
    • Clinical pathology
    • Pathophysiology
  • 4. Medicine — Official range: 50–55 questions (Practice allocation: 24.71%)
    • Etiology
    • Pathophysiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
  • 5. Anesthesia — Official range: 20–23 questions (Practice allocation: 10.12%)
    • Anesthesia
  • 6. Surgery — Official range: 22–25 questions (Practice allocation: 11.06%)
    • Surgery
  • 7. Diagnostics — Official range: 22–25 questions (Practice allocation: 11.06%)
    • Diagnostic techniques
    • Diagnostic imaging
  • 8. Animal Welfare — Official range: 6–7 questions (Practice allocation: 3.06%)
    • Euthanasia
    • Species appropriate behavior
    • Abnormal animal behavior
    • Pain assessment and management
    • Signs of abuse
    • Species specific husbandry
    • Restraint techniques
  • 9. Preventive Medicine — Official range: 14–15 questions (Practice allocation: 6.82%)
    • Disease prevention
    • Epidemiology
    • Nutrition
    • Public health
    • Regulatory programs
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources