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Alabama Veterinarian — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

License to Practice Veterinary Medicine

Ordinary Alabama veterinarian license.

Licensing authority: Alabama State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Licensure by credentials — five years of licensed practice

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Education
AVMA-accredited veterinary-school diploma or dean affidavit of ability to graduate; nonaccredited graduates use the distinct route.
Experience
Five years immediately before application of licensed veterinarian practice in a United States state, territory or district with substantially equivalent original licensing requirements.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
Oral practical
The Board may orally or practically examine this applicant; no distinct offered examination is identified.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
Reciprocity notice
The DVM application states: ALABAMA LAW DOES NOT RECIPROCATE WITH ANY STATE. The statutory discretionary credentials pathway remains.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
Written waiver
Section 34-29-74 permits a discretionary written-examination waiver; the lower-ranked Rule 930-X-1-.09 sets general examinations. Current leaves are retained subject to the individual waiver.
Reactivation from voluntary inactive status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Ce
Twenty CE hours for each year inactive, as stated in the Board form.
Fee forms
$200 active renewal fee, CE documentation and disciplinary questionnaire; no practice until activated.
Prior status
Existing voluntary inactive veterinarian license.
Request
Contact Board and submit signed status-change request.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Initial licensure — accredited graduate

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Education
AVMA-accredited veterinary-school diploma or dean affidavit of ability to graduate; nonaccredited graduates use the distinct route.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
Initial licensure — nonaccredited graduate

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Certificate
AVMA ECFVG certificate or its AVMA-provided equivalent under Section 34-29-72(b). Rule 930-X-1-.07(5) requires an ECFVG certificate no older than three years unless current clinical skills documentation is accepted by the Board. The state evidence names the certificate, not separate BCSE, CPE or QSE examination requirements.
Citizenship clause
Section 34-29-91(3) states United States citizenship and good moral character; Section 34-29-72(a) also permits documented lawful presence. Both statutory statements are disclosed.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Education
Graduate of a veterinary program not accredited by AVMA.
Internship
Section 34-29-91 requires a one-year ECFVG internship in Board-approved hospitals/clinics, at least three months in each participating place, varied experience, completion of internship and examinations within eighteen months, and practitioner reports/evaluations every three months.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
Navle age
Pass the AVMA-approved national licensing examination within three years of applying to Alabama.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
Expedited existing license issuance — eligible spouse
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application notice
The ordinary DVM application states no reciprocity; the specific Section 31-1-6 existing-license pathway is retained.
Eligibility
Eligible spouse under Section 31-1-6(c): specified service member or qualifying surviving spouse; relocated DOJ or NASA employee; or Department of Defense civil servant employed in Alabama. No disqualifying act, discipline or investigation.
Fee
Section 31-1-6(g) requires initial fee waiver on application and decision on the waiver request within thirty days.
Implementation
Rule 930-X-1-.07(6) directs Executive Director equivalency review; its prior-paid annual-license fee condition is disclosed, while the statute supplies the controlling waiver.
License
Existing valid license/certificate in good standing from a United States jurisdiction or Armed Forces branch, substantially similar to Alabama requested license.
Processing
Section 31-1-6(b)(1),(d) provides issuance within thirty days based on existing similar credentials and expedition; this specific statute applies notwithstanding other law.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Licensure using national examination passed elsewhere

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Education
AVMA-accredited veterinary-school diploma or dean affidavit of ability to graduate; nonaccredited graduates use the distinct route.
Existing national pass
Section 34-29-72(c) accepts a satisfactory national examination passed elsewhere without repeating it; the Board retains repetition/practice-specific assessment discretion. NAVLE remains a current leaf even when previously passed.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
Score transfer
Official scores through AAVSB/VIVA; verify existing licenses. The ordinary DVM application states no automatic reciprocity.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
Licensure using transferred national scores — nonaccredited graduate

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Certificate
AVMA ECFVG certificate or its AVMA-provided equivalent under Section 34-29-72(b). Rule 930-X-1-.07(5) requires an ECFVG certificate no older than three years unless current clinical skills documentation is accepted by the Board. The state evidence names the certificate, not separate BCSE, CPE or QSE examination requirements.
Citizenship clause
Section 34-29-91(3) states United States citizenship and good moral character; Section 34-29-72(a) also permits documented lawful presence. Both statutory statements are disclosed.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Education
Graduate of a veterinary program not accredited by AVMA.
Existing national pass
Section 34-29-72(c) accepts a satisfactory national examination passed elsewhere without repeating it; the Board retains repetition/practice-specific assessment discretion. NAVLE remains a current leaf even when previously passed.
Internship
Section 34-29-91 requires a one-year ECFVG internship in Board-approved hospitals/clinics, at least three months in each participating place, varied experience, completion of internship and examinations within eighteen months, and practitioner reports/evaluations every three months.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
Navle age
Pass the AVMA-approved national licensing examination within three years of applying to Alabama.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
Score transfer
Official scores through AAVSB/VIVA; verify existing licenses. The ordinary DVM application states no automatic reciprocity.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
Annual renewal — ordinary veterinarian
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Renewal application, current name/address, requested information and prescribed renewal fee.
Ce
Twenty annual CE hours, minimum sixteen scientific and maximum four approved practice-management hours; up to ten RACE-approved online hours. New graduates excused until next full calendar year. Inactive licensees retain CE. Board may extend/exempt for exceptional circumstances; nonpracticing veterinarians over seventy may be exempt.
Deadline
Renew by December 31; annual expiration on that date.
Status conditions
Keep the applicable license conditions; faculty practice requires continuing qualifying institutional employment.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Judicial declaration of competence — ordinary license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Evidence
Subsequently judicially declared competent; Board may dispense with further proof and order active reinstatement on appropriate terms.
Prior status
Disability inactive under judicial incompetency/confinement provision.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Restoration after nonrenewal — ordinary veterinarian
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Appearance
If incomplete at first Board meeting of new year, appear for reinstatement pleas. No practice until reinstated.
Ce
Meet applicable CE requirements.
Fees
Complete forms and pay renewal fee and late penalty for each late year.
Window
Section 34-29-75 allows restoration of nonrenewal suspension within two years if otherwise eligible.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reinstatement — ordinary license after revocation
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Order
Board reinstatement order required before practice.
Petition
Written petition to executive director; hearing set within twenty-eight days of receipt.
Prior status
Existing ordinary veterinarian license after revocation.
Proof
Clear and convincing proof of moral qualifications and that return will not damage professional integrity/standing; comply with previous disciplinary order and Rule 930-X-1-.24.
Waiting
For revocation following hearing or consent, at least one year after effective revocation or surrender.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reinstatement — ordinary license after suspension
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Order
Board reinstatement order required before practice.
Petition
Written petition to executive director; hearing set within twenty-eight days of receipt.
Prior status
Existing ordinary veterinarian license after suspension.
Proof
Clear and convincing proof of moral qualifications and that return will not damage professional integrity/standing; comply with previous disciplinary order and Rule 930-X-1-.24.
Waiting
For suspension longer than three months, wait until suspension period ends.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Reinstatement — ordinary license after voluntary surrender
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Order
Board reinstatement order required before practice.
Petition
Written petition to executive director; hearing set within twenty-eight days of receipt.
Prior status
Existing ordinary veterinarian license after voluntary-surrender.
Proof
Clear and convincing proof of moral qualifications and that return will not damage professional integrity/standing; comply with previous disciplinary order and Rule 930-X-1-.24.
Waiting
After voluntary resignation/surrender, Board order required; the one-year waiting rule applies where surrender implements revocation by consent.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-29.

Temporary Veterinary License

Supervised temporary veterinarian license, ordinarily limited to 90 days.

Licensing authority: Alabama State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners · Application information

Supervised temporary licensure

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Duration
90 days from issue or ordinary license approval/denial, whichever earlier; Board may renew.
Education
AVMA-accredited veterinary-school diploma or dean affidavit of ability to graduate; nonaccredited graduates use the distinct route.
Employment
Notify the Board of terminated employment or multiple employers.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
National pass
Must already have passed the national examination under Section 34-29-71(b); old NBE/CCT scores are prior evidence.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
State status
Section 34-29-71(b) prohibits temporary licensure following failure of any state board examination portion. The general Rule 930-X-1-.09 state-examination requirement remains a leaf; this temporary stage does not assert that the state examination is already passed.
Supervision
Associate with the named Alabama-licensed veterinarian; direct supervision in branch offices or allied establishments, indirect supervision permitted in the employer primary clinic.
Renewal of supervised temporary licensure

All of the following:

Acknowledgment
Certify receipt, reading and understanding of the Alabama Practice Act and Administrative Code.
Additional assessments
The Board may request additional written, oral or practical assessments under Rule 930-X-1-.09. No separate currently offered examination is identified by those general slots.
Age
At least 21 years old under Section 34-29-72(a).
Application
Signed English-language application, current photographs, $250 application/examination fee, and complete requested information.
Conduct
Disclose criminal and licensing disciplinary history with explanations and documentation requested by the Board.
Duration
90 days from issue or ordinary license approval/denial, whichever earlier; Board may renew.
Education
AVMA-accredited veterinary-school diploma or dean affidavit of ability to graduate; nonaccredited graduates use the distinct route.
Employment
Notify the Board of terminated employment or multiple employers.
Lawful presence
United States citizen or legally present with appropriate federal documentation under Section 34-29-72(a).
Legacy scores
An NBE and CCT pass is accepted prior evidence under Rule 930-X-1-.09(1); these discontinued examinations are not leaves.
Licenses
List and verify every license held or previously held; provide good-standing letters before the state examination.
National pass
Must already have passed the national examination under Section 34-29-71(b); old NBE/CCT scores are prior evidence.
Passing scores
NAVLE 425 raw / Alabama converted 70; state written examination at least 70 percent correct.
Preceptee
The Board may require nine consecutive weeks of supervised preceptee service under Section 34-29-92.
Prior scores
Officially report previous national and state examination scores; examinations belonging to another state are prior applicant evidence.
References
List three licensed veterinarian references; provide recommendation letters if requested.
Renewal
Discretionary under Section 34-29-71(b); national passing evidence and state failure restriction continue.
State delivery
Open-book written jurisprudence examination emailed for electronic completion after application and passing score reports are complete; alternate format on Board request.
State status
Section 34-29-71(b) prohibits temporary licensure following failure of any state board examination portion. The general Rule 930-X-1-.09 state-examination requirement remains a leaf; this temporary stage does not assert that the state examination is already passed.
Supervision
Associate with the named Alabama-licensed veterinarian; direct supervision in branch offices or allied establishments, indirect supervision permitted in the employer primary clinic.

State Board Written Examination

Provider
Alabama State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners
Passing score
Correct answering of at least seventy percent of the questions
Exam fee
Application and examination fee $100.00 plus cost of national examination
Examination outline
  • Code of Ala. 1975, Title 34, Chapter 29 (Veterinarians; Alabama Veterinary Practice Act)
  • Ala. Admin. Code Chapter 930-X-1 General Rules
Examination sources

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination

Provider
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA); delivered at Prometric testing centers
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination; each question presents a clinical scenario or vignette followed by a question requiring one answer from a list of response options; about 15-20% include graphics such as photos or radiographs. Beginning with the October-November 2026 NAVLE the test is divided into twelve blocks of 30 questions each.
Exam questions
360 multiple-choice questions
Time limit
Around seven and a half (7.5) hours
Passing score
Score report gives a pass or fail designation and a three-digit scaled score
Exam fee
$825 (USD) standard NAVLE fee; $1,220 (USD) international NAVLE fee (standard fee + international fee of $395)
Examination outline
  • Clinical Practice (competency domain; target blueprint 70%) (70%)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Create or update medical records
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Develop a differential diagnosis
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate a diagnostic plan
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Formulate possible differential diagnoses
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret cytologic specimens
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret diagnostic images (e.g., ECG, endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from laboratory tests (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret findings from postmortem specimen
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret principles of pathophysiology and mechanism of action
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Interpret results of system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of companion animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Investigate possible exposure of food or game animal to toxin
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Observe or interpret an animal’s mental status and other aspects of behavior
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain animal health history from client
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain diagnostic images (e.g., ultrasound, x-ray)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory studies (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform general physical examination
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform postmortem examination to determine cause of death
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform standard diagnostic tests on samples (e.g., urine, blood, tissue)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Perform system-specific examination (e.g., ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dental)
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Prioritize need for diagnostic procedures considering available resources
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Read and interpret production records or farm-based computer reports to understand herd-level health parameters
    • Data Gathering and Interpretation (target blueprint 35%) — Review animal medical records to determine health status
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer a biological or pharmacological agent other than anesthesia, including blood, vaccinations, drugs, and medications
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer general anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Administer local anesthesia
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Apply a splint, cast or other stabilization device
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Care for wounds or surgical incisions (e.g., suture, dress)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Determine prognosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a rehabilitation plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Establish a treatment plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Evaluate a treatment outcome
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate or evaluate a behavior modification plan
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Formulate patient/herd/population management and treatment plans (e.g., stall rest, medication, raising curtains in a pig barn, testing feed)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform common therapeutic/surgical procedures (e.g., tissue biopsy, wound drainage)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Perform major surgical procedures (e.g., abdominal, orthopedic)
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Prescribe a biological or pharmacological agent
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Refer clients to veterinary specialists for further diagnostic studies or treatment
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Synthesize multiple sources of diagnostic information, including local disease prevalence, to determine diagnosis
    • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (listed in the target blueprint as 'Health Maintenance and Prevention', 35%) — Treat minor injuries or trauma (e.g., abrasions, lacerations, eye wounds)
  • Preventive Medicine and Animal Welfare (competency domain; target blueprint 15%) (15%)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Certify that animals or animal products meet certain standards (e.g., living conditions, sanitation, health or disease status)
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct or oversee an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Conduct periodic/annual examinations on client animals and discuss vaccination, deworming, diet, exercise, and other wellness considerations
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Explain to client the components of an animal welfare audit
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Identify and take action on animal welfare problems
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Verify that diseased or infected animals have been managed according to professional or governmental guidelines
    • Animal Welfare Issues and Concerns (target blueprint 6%) — Work with community groups or regulatory bodies to address the ethical treatment, health, and welfare of animals
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Apply isolation or quarantine and/or disinfection measures to own work environment as a means of disease prevention/control
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Ensure proper disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Evaluate animal environments to identify possible epidemiological problems and public health concerns
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inform client or community about effective methods for managing animal or human waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Inspect practice environment (e.g., clinic, vehicle) to ensure that it is safe and accessible
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct client about methods to humanely terminate diseased animals and dispose of infected carcasses
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Instruct staff, colleagues, or others about proper technique for disposal of biomedical waste
    • Environmental Health and Safety (target blueprint 5%) — Monitor workplace to verify that it complies with hazardous materials requirements
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Apply isolation or quarantine procedures as a means of disease prevention and control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Collaborate or consult with clients, health professionals, government agencies, or community groups on public health issues such as food safety and zoonotic disease
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Conduct a community education workshop on some topic related to animal or human health
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Consult with community stakeholders about animal population control
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Discuss animal care options with an immunocompromised owner
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Formulate a patient/herd management and/or treatment plan for public health and/or zoonotic disease cases or concerns
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inform clients or community about prevention and treatment of zoonotic organism exposure
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Inspect food to ensure consumer safety
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Investigate a disease outbreak
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in disease control or eradication program
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Participate in epidemiologic inquiry of a reportable disease by collecting, handling, or transporting specimens/samples
    • Veterinary Public Health (target blueprint 4%) — Report a transboundary or zoonotic disease to state, regional, or national agency
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Apply the fundamentals of epidemiology and/or biostatistics
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Interpret biostatistical or epidemiologic principles or problems
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics (no separate subdomain percentage is published in the target blueprint) — Investigate epidemiologic problems
  • Communications (competency domain; the target blueprint lists 'Communication' at 8%) (8%)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Build relationships with junior colleagues or new graduates
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Consult with other veterinarians or veterinary specialists regarding animal care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Delegate delivery of veterinary care and services to associates or staff
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Deliver verbal case summaries to other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Describe disaster preparedness plan to coworkers
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Engage regulatory bodies to improve standards of practice or to address other professional issues
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Explain results of research to non-veterinary health workers (e.g., staff, other agencies)
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Guide the work of associates or other staff in the delivery of veterinary services
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Mentor and supervise veterinary and veterinary technician students
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Respond to unprofessional or unethical behavior in others
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Train staff in animal health and care
    • Communications with Veterinary and Other Professionals (target blueprint 'Communication with Veterinary and other Professionals' 3%) — Write a case summary for use by other veterinarians or members of the health care team
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client on health maintenance for herd, flock or individual pet (e.g., husbandry, production management, public health, wellness exams)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Advise client regarding appropriate and inappropriate pharmacy compounding
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss euthanasia with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss strategies with producer or client to reduce antibiotic resistance and/or antibiotic residues
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Discuss the limits of legal extra-label drug use with client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Ensure that client understands the effects of prescribed pharmaceuticals, including chemotherapeutics (e.g., withdrawal time, side effects)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain diagnosis and prognosis to clients using lay terminology
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Explain research results to client, describing its implications for animal care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Help clients differentiate trustworthy from unreliable information (e.g., from Internet or advertisements) to support the care of their animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Inform client of bad news (e.g., animal terminal illness, show animal that can’t be bred)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on how to obtain diagnostic information from an animal’s home environment (e.g., sleeping respiratory rate, stool or urine samples)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Instruct clients on methods for isolating and quarantining diseased animals
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Negotiate payment plan with a client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Obtain informed consent from client
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide instruction regarding food safety practices
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Provide verbal instructions to client regarding follow-up care (e.g., medications, wound care, environmental enrichment)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Recommend management options to clients that are consistent with their cultural norms and personal values
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Refer client for grief counseling
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Talk with client to clarify concerns and expectations regarding type and level of care
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Teach client about preventive care (e.g., nutrition, behavior, dental, vaccines, parasites)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Use appropriate communication techniques (e.g., open-ended inquiry, empathy)
    • Communications with Clients (target blueprint 'Communication with Clients' 5%) — Write a summary of animal care instructions for a client
  • Professionalism, Practice Management, and Wellness (competency domain; target blueprint 'Professionalism, Practice Management and Wellness' 7%) (7%)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Apply appropriate animal restraint
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Describe workings of benefit plan (e.g., retirement, health insurance) to staff
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop a budget for own practice or employer
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Develop standard operating procedures (e.g., procedures manual for practice or work environment)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase major medical equipment
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate and purchase office/practice management software
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Evaluate new medications, products, or treatment procedures to determine suitability for own practice
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Negotiate work or practice arrangements (e.g., compensation, work schedule) with colleagues
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Prepare or update employee handbook
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Purchase expendable supplies (e.g., pharmaceuticals, dressing)
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Review practice management data, including business and financial records
    • Veterinary Practice Management (target blueprint 4%) — Supervise paraprofessional or technical support staff
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend a professional development seminar or workshop
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Attend training on emerging technologies in veterinary medicine
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Conduct oneself in a professional, ethical, and legal manner
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Consult reference materials (e.g., journals, online databases, other) to help formulate diagnosis or treatment options
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Encourage veterinarian and support staff wellness
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Exchange new scientific or technical information with other health professionals
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Give a talk at a professional meeting
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in activities of local, national, or international professional association (e.g., state veterinarian association)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in online professional development activity
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in or conduct an investigation to test a new procedure (e.g., diagnostic, nutritional, medication, surgical)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Participate in professional development activities (e.g., continuing education, board certification)
    • Professional Development and Lifelong Learning (target blueprint 'Professional Development and Life-Long Learning' 3%) — Read a journal article for professional development
Examination sources