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South Dakota Speech-Language Pathology — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

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Provisional Speech-Language Pathologist License

Provisional license for completion of supervised postgraduate professional experience; valid for 24 months and renewable only once.

Licensing authority: South Dakota Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology · Application information

Application for reinstatement of suspended or revoked license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Apply to the Board for reinstatement under SDCL 36-37-22; the section allows an application and does not guarantee reinstatement.
Board discretion
The Board considers seriousness, previous compliance, deterrence, mitigation, and other circumstances under ARSD 20:79:06:02.
Exam boundary
The reinstatement statute and implementing disciplinary rules identify no examination for this application; comply with the actual Board order.
Form limits
The provisional license retains its supervised-experience purpose and one-renewal limit.
Probation conditions
If placed on probation, the Board may require regular reports, restrict practice areas, and require continuing-education review until skill is satisfactory.
Suspension or revocation
The Board previously suspended or revoked the corresponding license.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Reinstatement after license expired more than 180 days
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit a licensure application.
Board page instruction
The Board renewal FAQ says applicants beyond 180 days must reapply and pay all applicable fees; ARSD 20:79:02:07 specifically provides reinstatement on application, continuing education documentation, and fees.
Continuing education
Document the required continuing education.
Expired license
Previously held this license but failed to renew within 180 days.
Fees
Pay the application and licensure fees set by the Board.
Renewal limit
Reinstatement does not remove the specific provisional-license 24-month term and one-renewal limit.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Provisional licensure to complete postgraduate professional experience
Speech-Language Pathology (5331)
Application
Submit a signed and notarized Board application.
Conduct
Have committed no act for which disciplinary action is justified.
Education
Meet the academic and supervised clinical practicum requirements in SDCL 36-37-14; provide master's degree transcripts directly from the university.
Experience plan
Provide a plan identifying the South Dakota licensed supervisor, license number, location, and dates of the postgraduate professional experience.
Fees
Pay the $100 application fee and $150 licensure fee.
Passing score
Meet the chapter's national examination requirement and send Praxis scores directly from ETS to recipient code 0279.
Supervision
Practice only under a speech-language pathologist licensed under SDCL 36-37-14, 36-37-15, or 36-37-16. Each of three postgraduate-experience segments requires six hours direct and six hours indirect supervisor observation; multiple supervisors must coordinate observations.
Term
24 months from issuance; may be renewed only once.
Renewal, including timely and late renewal within 180 days
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Complete at least 20 credit hours or 2.0 units per two-year renewal period; the Board retains final authority to accept submissions.
Existing license
Hold the corresponding South Dakota license.
Expiration
Ordinary licenses expire October 1 of the second year succeeding issuance; provisional licensing retains its specific 24-month term and one-renewal limit.
Fees
Pay $150 for an SLP, provisional, or limited license, or $100 for an assistant license, unless the military statutory exemption applies.
Late renewal
An otherwise qualified renewal within 30 days after expiration has no late fee; after 30 but within 180 days add $50. After 180 days use the expired-license reinstatement application.
Proof
Submit certificates of attendance, official college transcripts, or an ASHA CEU transcript as ARSD 20:79:02:06 requires. The Board renewal form accepts an unofficial college transcript; the rule is the higher-ranked requirement.
Renewal application
Submit the prescribed renewal application and continuing education evidence together.
Renewal limit
Renewable only once for a license initially valid for 24 months.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Speech-Language Pathologist License

Ordinary speech-language pathologist license, with examination, certificate, endorsement, foreign-education, and military applicant pathways.

Licensing authority: South Dakota Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology · Application information

Licensure on ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the Board application signed and notarized.
Certificate
Hold the ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP); have verification sent directly from ASHA with name, ASHA account number, issue date, and expiration date.
Conduct
No act constituting grounds for refusal, suspension, or revocation.
Exam boundary
SDCL 36-37-15 lists a held CCC-SLP as the qualification; the Board checklist requests Praxis scores only when the applicant is not ASHA certified. The certificate is an applicant credential condition, not an independently named examination requirement.
Fees
Pay the prescribed application and licensure fees.
Other licenses
Provide direct verification for all current or previous licenses, if applicable.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Application for reinstatement of suspended or revoked license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Apply to the Board for reinstatement under SDCL 36-37-22; the section allows an application and does not guarantee reinstatement.
Board discretion
The Board considers seriousness, previous compliance, deterrence, mitigation, and other circumstances under ARSD 20:79:06:02.
Exam boundary
The reinstatement statute and implementing disciplinary rules identify no examination for this application; comply with the actual Board order.
Probation conditions
If placed on probation, the Board may require regular reports, restrict practice areas, and require continuing-education review until skill is satisfactory.
Suspension or revocation
The Board previously suspended or revoked the corresponding license.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Expedited licensure for active duty military personnel and spouses
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
The Board must deem the application complete after receiving all documentation necessary to process it; qualifying issuance is required within 30 days.
Conduct
The Board has not found an act that may constitute grounds for disciplinary action.
Fees
SDCL 36-1B-4 prohibits an application or other licensing-body fee for a license issued pursuant to SDCL 36-1B-1.
License
Hold in good standing the same or similar valid professional license from another state or the District of Columbia.
Military status
An active duty member of the U.S. armed forces or that member's spouse, subject to a military transfer to South Dakota.
Other pathways
This applicant may also use other ordinary licensing pathways; existing compacts and agreements remain controlling where applicable.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Renewal of expedited military license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continued eligibility
Renewal eligibility ends if military orders transfer the applicant out of South Dakota, the qualifying external license ceases to be valid and in good standing, the applicant fails Board maintenance requirements, or full-time active duty status of the member stationed in South Dakota ends.
Continuing education
Complete at least 20 credit hours or 2.0 units each two-year renewal period.
Existing license
Hold a license issued under SDCL 36-1B-1.
Fees
The controlling military fee exemption in SDCL 36-1B-4 applies instead of the ordinary renewal fee.
Renewal application
Submit the Board renewal form and required continuing education documentation.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Reinstatement after license expired more than 180 days
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit a licensure application.
Board page instruction
The Board renewal FAQ says applicants beyond 180 days must reapply and pay all applicable fees; ARSD 20:79:02:07 specifically provides reinstatement on application, continuing education documentation, and fees.
Continuing education
Document the required continuing education.
Expired license
Previously held this license but failed to renew within 180 days.
Fees
Pay the application and licensure fees set by the Board.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Licensure with discretionary foreign education equivalency waiver
Speech-Language Pathology (5331)
Application
Submit a signed, notarized application on the Board form.
Candidate status
A license based on a degree from an accreditation-candidate institution automatically expires if that institution fails to maintain candidacy or is denied accreditation; notify the Board of status changes.
Conduct
Have committed no act for which disciplinary action is justified.
Education
Hold a master's or doctoral degree from an institution accredited or granted candidate status by ASHA's accrediting agency and approved by the U.S. Department of Education; provide official transcripts directly from the university.
Education waiver
The Board may waive the education, practicum, and postgraduate-experience qualifications in SDCL 36-37-14(3)-(5) if it is satisfied equivalent education and practicum requirements have been met.
Examination waiver
The examination requirement in SDCL 36-37-14(6) remains required.
Fees
Pay the $100 application fee and $150 licensure fee, except when the controlling military fee exemption applies.
Foreign education
Professional education was obtained in another country.
Other licenses
Obtain direct Board-to-Board verification for every current or previously held license, if applicable.
Passing score
Have passed the written national speech-language pathology examination; provide Praxis scores directly from ETS to the Board using recipient code 0279.
Postgraduate experience
Complete supervised postgraduate professional experience and provide the Board's verification.
Practicum
Complete supervised clinical practicum through the educational institution or cooperating programs.
Licensure by general statutory endorsement
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Apply to the Board for statutory endorsement under SDCL 36-1D-1.
Board checklist demand
The Board's non-ASHA-certified checklist additionally requests Praxis scores and education/experience verification: Required SLP Application Materials Application (signed and notarized) Application fee of $100 + Licensure Fee of $150 for a total of $250 ASHA Certification directly from ASHA *If not ASHA Certified, you will also need to provide: Master’s Degree Transcripts directly from the University Praxis Scores directly from ETS (use code: South Dakota Board of SLP & Audiology, 0279) Verification of Completed Supervised Postgraduate Professional Experience
Compact
SDCL 36-1D-3 preserves applicable existing compacts and agreements.
Competence
Demonstrate competency through methods determined by the Board. SDCL 36-1D-1(2) does not name an examination; this is a Board-determined competency condition.
Conduct
No disqualifying act, unless the Board determines it should not impede licensing.
Fees
Pay fees established by the Board, subject to applicable statutory exemptions.
Good standing
Be in good standing and without discipline in the issuing jurisdiction, unless the Board determines that discipline should not impede licensing.
License
Hold a current license from another state, territory, or country; the Board determines its requirements substantially equivalent to or above South Dakota requirements.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Initial licensure by examination
Speech-Language Pathology (5331)
Application
Submit a signed, notarized application on the Board form.
Candidate status
A license based on a degree from an accreditation-candidate institution automatically expires if that institution fails to maintain candidacy or is denied accreditation; notify the Board of status changes.
Conduct
Have committed no act for which disciplinary action is justified.
Education
Hold a master's or doctoral degree from an institution accredited or granted candidate status by ASHA's accrediting agency and approved by the U.S. Department of Education; provide official transcripts directly from the university.
Fees
Pay the $100 application fee and $150 licensure fee, except when the controlling military fee exemption applies.
Other licenses
Obtain direct Board-to-Board verification for every current or previously held license, if applicable.
Passing score
Have passed the written national speech-language pathology examination; provide Praxis scores directly from ETS to the Board using recipient code 0279.
Postgraduate experience
Complete supervised postgraduate professional experience and provide the Board's verification.
Practicum
Complete supervised clinical practicum through the educational institution or cooperating programs.
Renewal, including timely and late renewal within 180 days
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Complete at least 20 credit hours or 2.0 units per two-year renewal period; the Board retains final authority to accept submissions.
Existing license
Hold the corresponding South Dakota license.
Expiration
Ordinary licenses expire October 1 of the second year succeeding issuance; provisional licensing retains its specific 24-month term and one-renewal limit.
Fees
Pay $150 for an SLP, provisional, or limited license, or $100 for an assistant license, unless the military statutory exemption applies.
Late renewal
An otherwise qualified renewal within 30 days after expiration has no late fee; after 30 but within 180 days add $50. After 180 days use the expired-license reinstatement application.
Proof
Submit certificates of attendance, official college transcripts, or an ASHA CEU transcript as ARSD 20:79:02:06 requires. The Board renewal form accepts an unofficial college transcript; the rule is the higher-ranked requirement.
Renewal application
Submit the prescribed renewal application and continuing education evidence together.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

SCRA recognition of covered existing professional license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application affidavit
Provide a notarized affidavit of identity, truth and completeness, understanding of South Dakota licensing requirements and scope, compliance with those requirements, and good standing in every licensing state.
Application marriage
A spouse provides a marriage certificate.
Application military orders
Provide proof of military orders.
Background check
The licensing authority may conduct a background check before recognition or temporary issuance.
Compact exception
A covered license operating in multiple states under an interstate compact remains subject to that compact and applicable law; 50 U.S.C. 4025a does not apply to such a license.
Covered license
Hold a professional license in good standing, not revoked or disciplined, not under an unprofessional-conduct investigation, and not surrendered during such an investigation.
Military relocation
A servicemember or spouse relocating residence to South Dakota because of military orders; contact the Board for its SCRA application.
Scope
Recognition validates the covered existing license for the scope of practice in South Dakota; this pathway is recognition of an existing license.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Licensure on substantially equivalent unrestricted out of state license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit a signed and notarized Board application.
Board checklist demand
SDCL 36-37-15 establishes this license-based route without an examination qualification. The lower-ranked Board checklist also requests transcripts, Praxis scores, and postgraduate-experience verification when not ASHA certified: Required SLP Application Materials Application (signed and notarized) Application fee of $100 + Licensure Fee of $150 for a total of $250 ASHA Certification directly from ASHA *If not ASHA Certified, you will also need to provide: Master’s Degree Transcripts directly from the University Praxis Scores directly from ETS (use code: South Dakota Board of SLP & Audiology, 0279) Verification of Completed Supervised Postgraduate Professional Experience
Conduct
No act constituting grounds for refusal, suspension, or revocation.
Fees
Pay prescribed application and licensure fees unless a statutory exemption applies.
License
Hold a current, unrestricted license from a state with substantially equivalent licensure standards.
License verification
Verification must come directly from each licensing board.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Speech-Language Pathology (5331)

Provider
Educational Testing Service (ETS); computer delivered at a test center or at home (online); ASHA announces a transition to PSI, a wholly owned ETS subsidiary, on January 11, 2027, with availability through ETS and Prometric through December 31, 2026
Format
Computer-delivered selected-response questions; the test may contain some questions that do not count toward the score; the score is based on the number of questions answered correctly
Exam questions
132 selected-response questions (approximately 44 in each of the three content categories)
Time limit
150 minutes
Passing score
States, institutions, and associations that require the test set their own passing scores; the passing score for purposes of ASHA certification is 162 on a 100-200 scale
Exam fee
$146.00
Examination outline
  • I. Foundations and Professional Practice (approximately 44 questions; approximately 33% of examination). Speech-language pathologists must have strong foundational knowledge about typical communication development, as well as common characteristics of communication and swallowing disorders and potential factors impacting communication. SLPs must also understand the professional practice requirements that support the provision of services. Knowledge about these requirements ensures that ethical, culturally competent services are provided within the framework of legislative and regulatory requirements and are founded in research.
    • A. Foundations — 1. Typical development and performance across the lifespan: a. developmental norms; b. speech sound and phonology; c. receptive and expressive language (–– syntax and morphology; –– semantics; –– pragmatics/social language); d. fluency; e. voice, resonance, and motor speech; f. feeding and swallowing; g. cognition; h. processing; i. motor and linguistic processes
    • A. Foundations — 2. Factors that influence communication, feeding, and swallowing: a. medical; b. cultural and ethnic; c. linguistic; d. psychological; e. anatomy/physiology; f. environmental; g. genetics; h. auditory
    • A. Foundations — 3. Epidemiology and characteristics of common communication and swallowing disorders: a. speech sound and phonology; b. syntax and morphology; c. semantics; d. pragmatics; e. fluency; f. voice, resonance, and motor speech; g. feeding and swallowing; h. cognition; i. processing
    • B. Professional Practice — 1. Wellness and prevention: a. prevention terminology, practices, and public education; b. risk factors for communication disorders
    • B. Professional Practice — 2. Culturally and linguistically appropriate service delivery: a. understanding, respecting, and responding to explicit and implicit cultural factors that influence communication; b. identifying the impact of assimilation and acculturation on communication patterns; c. communication differences between speakers of the same language
    • B. Professional Practice — 3. Counseling, collaboration, and teaming: a. interpersonal communication and counseling techniques; b. integration of other professionals into the assessment and treatment process; c. communication with patient/client/student, families, and other professionals
    • B. Professional Practice — 4. Documentation: a. legal and regulatory requirements; b. purposes of documentation; c. privacy requirements; d. official records
    • B. Professional Practice — 5. Ethics: a. standards of ethical practice (–– permissions, referrals, and record keeping; –– client/patient/student privacy; –– supervisory requirements; –– conflicts of interest; –– professional competence)
    • B. Professional Practice — 6. Legislation and client advocacy: a. federal laws and regulations impacting delivery of services; b. reporting requirements of governmental agencies; c. licensing requirements and standards
    • B. Professional Practice — 7. Research methodology and evidence-based practice: a. criterion for test selection; b. determining reliability of assessment procedures; c. models of research design; d. test construction principles; e. tenets of evidence-based practice
  • II. Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis (approximately 44 questions; approximately 33% of examination). Speech-language pathologists use a variety of tools and strategies to gather information about clients with communication and swallowing disorders. They must synthesize and analyze the information to develop appropriate management plans. This section will focus on screening, assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of communication and swallowing disorders. Topics include how SLPs use and interpret various screening and assessment tools to determine whether additional formal evaluation is indicated, as well as issues related to the selection of appropriate tools and approaches for screening, assessment, and evaluation. Identification of relevant factors from the case history, determining an appropriate assessment protocol, and interpretation of findings to determine a diagnosis and formulate recommendations are covered in this section of the exam, as well.
    • A. Screening — 1. Communication disorders: a. role of the SLP in screening for speech, language, and hearing disorders; b. screening procedures and approaches; c. identification of clients/patients and characteristics requiring further evaluation; d. knowledge of populations at risk for communication disorders
    • A. Screening — 2. Feeding and swallowing disorders: a. role of the SLP in screening for feeding and swallowing disorders; b. screening procedures and approaches; c. identification of clients/patients and characteristics which require further evaluation; d. knowledge of factors leading to increased risk of swallowing and feeding disorders in various populations
    • B. Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation — 1. Developing case histories: a. reviewing records for pertinent information; b. interviewing techniques to obtain pertinent information; c. integrating critical factors identified in the case history
    • B. Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation — 2. Selecting appropriate assessment instruments, procedures, and materials: a. identifying factors that influence test/procedure selection; b. identifying factors that require adaptation of traditional assessment procedures, instruments, and materials; c. selecting instrumental approaches that can be utilized to evaluate various communication and swallowing disorders (e.g., imaging, acoustic, aerodynamic, etc.)
    • B. Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation — 3. Assessing factors that influence communication and swallowing disorders: a. cultural and ethnic factors; b. linguistic factors; c. medical factors (e.g., stable versus progressive conditions, early versus late onset, etc.); d. developmental and cognitive factors; e. psychological factors; f. environmental factors
    • B. Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation — 4. Assessment of anatomy and physiology: a. assessment of pertinent anatomy, physiology, and neural substrates for: –– respiration; –– phonation; –– speech sound production; –– resonance; –– speech/language perception and processing; –– feeding and swallowing
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 1. Speech sound production: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of speech sound production; c. instrumental assessment of speech sound production; d. differential diagnosis of speech sound disorders; e. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 2. Fluency: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of fluency; c. instrumental assessment of fluency disorders; d. differential diagnosis of fluency disorders (e.g., stuttering versus cluttering); e. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 3. Voice, resonance, and motor speech: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of voice, resonance, and motor speech disorders; c. instrumental assessment of voice, resonance, and motor speech disorders; d. differential diagnosis of voice, resonance, and motor speech disorders; e. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 4. Receptive and expressive language: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of receptive and expressive language disorders; c. instrumental assessment of language disorders; d. differential diagnosis of language disorders; e. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 5. Social aspects of communication, including pragmatics: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of social aspects of communication, including pragmatics; c. differential diagnosis of social communication disorders and pragmatic disorders; d. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 6. Cognitive aspects of communication: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. parameters of assessment of cognitive communication disorders; c. differential diagnosis of cognitive communication disorders; d. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 7. Augmentative and alternative communication: a. standard and nonstandard assessment procedures; b. low tech and high tech instrumental assessment procedures; c. parameters of assessment for augmentative and alternative communication; d. interpretation of assessment data
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 8. Hearing: a. assessment approaches; b. considerations related to age, developmental status, medical condition, etc.; c. interpretation of assessment (e.g., audiograms and tympanograms) and identification of indicators for referral
    • C. Assessment Procedures and Assessment — 9. Feeding and swallowing: a. instrumental and noninstrumental assessment procedures; b. considerations related to age, developmental status, medical/surgical history, etc.; c. differential diagnosis of feeding and swallowing disorders; d. interpretation of assessment data and indications for referral
    • D. Etiology — 1. Genetic: a. modes of inheritance; b. genetic conditions associated with communication disorders and feeding/swallowing disorders, including common syndromes; c. features of common syndromes and their impact on communication and feeding/swallowing (e.g., Trisomy 21, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, etc.)
    • D. Etiology — 2. Developmental: a. developmental delay; b. congenital and acquired conditions associated with developmental communication and feeding/swallowing disorders
    • D. Etiology — 3. Disease processes: a. childhood (e.g., congenital vocal fold paralysis, cystic fibrosis); b. acquired (e.g., Bell’s palsy, iatrogenic); c. progressive (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myopathy)
    • D. Etiology — 4. Auditory problems: a. congenital and childhood hearing loss; b. acquired hearing loss
    • D. Etiology — 5. Neurological: a. congenital (e.g., cerebral palsy); b. acquired (e.g., TBI, neoplasms, stroke)
    • D. Etiology — 6. Structural and functional: a. congenital (e.g., craniofacial anomalies); b. acquired (e.g., head and neck surgery, trauma, and iatrogenic causes); c. functional causes (e.g., velopharyngeal mislearning, vocal misuse)
    • D. Etiology — 7. Psychogenic
  • III. Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment (approximately 44 questions; approximately 33% of examination). Speech-language pathologists are responsible for designing and implementing evidence-based treatments to help clients maximize their functioning in communication and/or swallowing. Consequently, the test includes a range of items that pertain to treatment planning, implementation, and evaluation. This topic area includes issues related to the development and evaluation of treatment plans, as well as evidence-based principles and procedures associated with specific communication and swallowing disorders.
    • A. Treatment Planning — 1. Evaluating factors that can affect treatment: a. evaluating the evidence base associated with a particular treatment strategy or approach; b. evaluating the role of client factors such as age, disorder type, disorder severity, concomitant disorders, personal goals/aspirations, and sociocultural background when planning and implementing treatment goals; c. evaluating the role of external factors such as caregivers’ interactions with the client, school or workplace policies, public laws, medications and iatrogenic, and societal stereotypes when planning and implementing treatment goals
    • A. Treatment Planning — 2. Initiating and prioritizing treatment and developing goals: a. processes and procedures for developing comprehensive, appropriate treatment goals; b. processes and procedures associated with integrating assessment results, caregiver or client/patient/student preferences, and treatment outcomes research; c. factors that affect when to begin, modify, or terminate a treatment plan; d. factors that affect the order in which treatment goals are addressed
    • A. Treatment Planning — 3. Determining appropriate treatment details: a. factors related to treatment scheduling (e.g., number and duration of sessions, time and location of sessions); b. factors related to treatment delivery (e.g., individual versus group sessions, sequential or simultaneous targeting of goals); c. personnel requirements (e.g., extent to which caregivers, teachers, peers, etc., are involved with treatment); d. training requirements (e.g., extent to which caregivers, teachers, peers, etc., need to be trained prior to participating in treatment or implementing generalization activities)
    • A. Treatment Planning — 4. Generating a prognosis: a. considering/accounting for client/patient/student factors (e.g., age, motivation, nature of disorder) that can affect treatment outcome; b. considering/accounting for external factors (e.g., family support, availability of services) that can affect treatment outcome
    • A. Treatment Planning — 5. Communicating recommendations: a. procedures, requirements, and best practices for communicating treatment-related recommendations to clients/patients/students and (when appropriate) their family members; b. procedures, requirements, and best practices for communicating treatment-related recommendations to other professionals who are involved in the client/patient/student’s treatment plan; c. principles of interprofessional practice
    • A. Treatment Planning — 6. General treatment principles and procedures: a. general principles and procedures to consider when selecting a treatment (e.g., age, disorder, sociocultural background, severity of impairment, nature of disability)
    • B. Treatment Evaluation — 1. Establishing methods for monitoring treatment progress and outcomes to evaluate assessment and/or treatment plans: a. procedures associated with identifying appropriate measures of treatment progress and treatment outcomes; b. methods associated with measuring baseline performance; c. methods associated with measuring progress while treatment is ongoing; d. procedures associated with modifying progress measures, if necessary, while treatment is ongoing; e. methods associated with evaluating performance when treatment concludes (e.g., short- and long-term outcomes); f. methods associated with determining the social validity of treatment outcomes and the impact of treatment outcomes on a client/patient’s quality of life
    • B. Treatment Evaluation — 2. Follow-up on post-treatment referrals and recommendations
    • C. Treatment — 1. Speech sound production: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of disorders that affect speech sound production; b. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with speech sound production disorders or differences
    • C. Treatment — 2. Fluency: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of fluency disorders; b. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with fluency disorders
    • C. Treatment — 3. Voice, resonance, and motor speech: a. voice (–– principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of voice disorders; –– strategies and procedures for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with voice disorders); b. resonance (–– principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of resonance disorders; –– strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with resonance disorders); c. motor speech (–– principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of motor speech disorders; –– strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with motor speech disorder)
    • C. Treatment — 4. Receptive and expressive language: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of receptive and expressive disorders; b. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disabilities associated with receptive and expressive language functioning
    • C. Treatment — 5. Social aspects of communication, including pragmatics: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used to treat social aspects of communication, including pragmatics; b. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with social aspects of communication
    • C. Treatment — 6. Communication impairments related to cognition: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used to treat communication impairments that are related to cognitive functioning; b. srategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with cognitively based communication impairments
    • C. Treatment — 7. Treatment involving augmentative and alternative communication: a. factors involved in determining candidacy for AAC approaches; b. factors involved in selecting an appropriate AAC approach; c. principles and characteristics of AAC options/strategies; strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating communicative and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability in those who use AAC
    • C. Treatment — 8. Hearing and aural rehabilitation: a. principles and characteristics of interventions used in the treatment of hearing loss; b. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating speech-language and/or related (e.g., educational, occupational) disability associated with hearing impairment
    • C. Treatment — 9. Swallowing and feeding: a. rationale for selection of interventions used in the treatment of swallowing and feeding disorders based on evaluation data; b. other factors (outside of evaluation data) affecting the likelihood of success for a given treatment for feeding/swallowing disorders; c. strategies for preventing, reducing, or eliminating swallowing and feeding disorders; d. strategies for reducing the common health-related adverse consequences of swallowing and feeding disorders
Examination sources