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West Virginia Professional Counselor — Requirements & Free Practice

US-WV · License preparation

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Licensed Professional Counselor

Independent professional counseling license; initial examination and endorsement pathways.

Licensing authority: West Virginia Board of Examiners in Counseling · Application information

Restoration after child support suspension or sanction
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Court order
Board receives a valid circuit court order to reinstate or renew a license previously suspended, revoked or sanctioned for a similar child-support order.
Effect
Board reinstates, removes sanctions, or allows renewal/application as ordered (§15.2); ordinary application/renewal conditions remain applicable.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Licensure by endorsement — experienced clinical practitioner
Application and fee
Completed West Virginia endorsement application and appropriate nonrefundable fee under §5.2.
Clinical practice
Board-linked packet Option 1: ongoing caseload for at least five of the last seven years immediately before applying; Attachment B verifies active clinical practice. The packet permits waiver of marked education, recommendation and supervision documentation, not its examination-score item.
Equivalence
The Board determines whether the originating jurisdiction requirements are at least substantially equivalent under §30-31-8(b) and greater than or equal to the rule under 27CSR1 §5.1.
Exam waiver
Neither current §5 nor §30-31-8(b) expressly discontinues a named exam or waives the score documentation identified in the Board packet; no examination-free endorsement branch is inferred from silence.
Good standing
Verification and good standing in all currently or previously licensed jurisdictions, including no disqualifying discipline and disclosure of pending investigations (§5.3).
License held
Currently fully licensed at the highest independent clinical level in another jurisdiction; scope includes assessing, diagnosing and treating mental/emotional disorders without direct supervision, regardless of initial licensing criteria (27CSR1 §§2.6,5.2).
Packet currency
The October 2023 packet still cites older numbered rule provisions and asks for recommendations, transcript review and supervision records; apply the April 14, 2026 rule for current eligibility and disclose the packet instructions as applicant documentation conditions.
Score records
The Board-linked endorsement packet requires official passing NCE, NCMHCE or other Board-approved counseling exam scores (application item 11); the LPC-specific Board page also accepts CRC. A currently offered examination passed before application remains a leaf.
Licensure by endorsement — other independently licensed applicant
Application and fee
Completed West Virginia endorsement application and appropriate nonrefundable fee under §5.2.
Clinical practice
Board-linked packet Option 2: currently licensed for less than five years; complete all packet items except Attachment B. The controlling 2026 rule independently governs current eligibility.
Equivalence
The Board determines whether the originating jurisdiction requirements are at least substantially equivalent under §30-31-8(b) and greater than or equal to the rule under 27CSR1 §5.1.
Exam waiver
Neither current §5 nor §30-31-8(b) expressly discontinues a named exam or waives the score documentation identified in the Board packet; no examination-free endorsement branch is inferred from silence.
Good standing
Verification and good standing in all currently or previously licensed jurisdictions, including no disqualifying discipline and disclosure of pending investigations (§5.3).
License held
Currently fully licensed at the highest independent clinical level in another jurisdiction; scope includes assessing, diagnosing and treating mental/emotional disorders without direct supervision, regardless of initial licensing criteria (27CSR1 §§2.6,5.2).
Packet currency
The October 2023 packet still cites older numbered rule provisions and asks for recommendations, transcript review and supervision records; apply the April 14, 2026 rule for current eligibility and disclose the packet instructions as applicant documentation conditions.
Score records
The Board-linked endorsement packet requires official passing NCE, NCMHCE or other Board-approved counseling exam scores (application item 11); the LPC-specific Board page also accepts CRC. A currently offered examination passed before application remains a leaf.
Renewal of continuously licensed 1987 grandfathered license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
2026 cycle
The Board renewal page states CE proof is not required for 2026; proof for courses July 1, 2025–June 30, 2027 is due for 2027.
Continuing education
35 approved CE contact hours per biennium, including at least three counselor ethics hours and two veteran/family mental-health hours (§4.1). First-cycle ethics hours must be a formal approved program; approved supervisors additionally complete three clinical supervision hours (§4.9).
Deadline
Renew annually on or before June 30; application and appropriate fee (27CSR3 §3.1).
Eligibility
Continuously licensed since 1987 under earlier examination or other waivers; §30-31-8(d) preserves renewal eligibility.
Original exam
Renewal depends on the existing license and CE, not a retaking of a national certification exam; complete renewal requirements are in §27-3-3 and §30-31-10.
Records
Maintain CE completion records for six years; supply proof for each biennium and certificates when audited (§§3.1.2,3.3,3.4).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Return from inactive to active status
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
35 CE hours in the two years preceding reactivation; three ethics hours and two veteran/family mental-health hours as §17.2 specifies.
Extended inactivity
After more than five years inactive, Board may require additional CE hours, supervision and/or coursework.
Fee
Applicable 27CSR2 fee.
Inactive license
Existing inactive LPC seeks active status.
Source wording
The rule prints “proceeding” for the two-year period and refers to two of twenty credits for veterans within the 35-credit requirements; preserve the stated hour requirements without creating an exam.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Initial licensure by examination — doctoral degree
Age
At least 18 years old (W. Va. Code §30-31-8(a)(2)).
Application
Completed application within six months; fee; official graduate transcripts and transcript review sheet; two licensed master/doctoral professional recommendations, three distinct personal references, supervisor contract, and supervision verification under 27CSR1 §4.1.
Associate license
Associate license required during the supervisory experience (§7.1); applicant remains supervised until independently licensed.
Board determinations
Educational equivalence, supervised experience credit, and successful supervisor endorsement are determined by the Board; unsuccessful supervisor endorsement may require more supervision.
Character
Good moral character, personal references and the conviction disclosures or rehabilitation evidence required by §30-31-8(a)(1),(7).
Degree pathway
Doctoral degree pathway
Education
Accredited counseling master or doctorate; 60 semester or 90 quarter graduate hours, including the fourteen required curricular areas of 27CSR1 §6.1.2 and approved electives.
Employment eligibility
U.S. citizen or eligible for U.S. employment under §30-31-8(a)(3).
Exam permission
If not already passed, a completed application and Board determination of eligibility precede taking the approved examination (§4.4).
Internship credit
The credentialing committee may credit up to 600 master internship hours toward the 3000-hour minimum; no internship credit is granted toward the doctoral requirement (§6.2.1).
Other approved exam
The Board may approve another counseling certification examination under §6.3; the published LPC-specific alternatives identify NCE, NCMHCE and CRC. No unidentified approved slot is emitted as an exam.
Post degree experience
1500 supervised post-degree counseling hours under 27CSR1 §6.2 and at least one year(s) under §30-31-8(a)(5).
Records currency
Documentation three years old or older is not considered; up to 500 supervision hours from another jurisdiction may be considered with proof at application (§4.5).
Score currency
Approved passing national certification examination score valid for five years under 27CSR1 §§4.3 and 6.3.
Substance use
Must satisfy §30-31-8(a)(8); an applicant with at least two continuous years of sobriety in active recovery may be considered at Board discretion.
Supervision
Board-approved supervisor; at least half of experience in direct client counseling; one hour of direct supervision for every twenty hours of practice and at least twice monthly when supervisor is not a full-time employee of the same agency (§6.2).
Initial licensure by examination — masters degree
Age
At least 18 years old (W. Va. Code §30-31-8(a)(2)).
Application
Completed application within six months; fee; official graduate transcripts and transcript review sheet; two licensed master/doctoral professional recommendations, three distinct personal references, supervisor contract, and supervision verification under 27CSR1 §4.1.
Associate license
Associate license required during the supervisory experience (§7.1); applicant remains supervised until independently licensed.
Board determinations
Educational equivalence, supervised experience credit, and successful supervisor endorsement are determined by the Board; unsuccessful supervisor endorsement may require more supervision.
Character
Good moral character, personal references and the conviction disclosures or rehabilitation evidence required by §30-31-8(a)(1),(7).
Degree pathway
Master degree pathway
Education
Accredited counseling master or doctorate; 60 semester or 90 quarter graduate hours, including the fourteen required curricular areas of 27CSR1 §6.1.2 and approved electives.
Employment eligibility
U.S. citizen or eligible for U.S. employment under §30-31-8(a)(3).
Exam permission
If not already passed, a completed application and Board determination of eligibility precede taking the approved examination (§4.4).
Internship credit
The credentialing committee may credit up to 600 master internship hours toward the 3000-hour minimum; no internship credit is granted toward the doctoral requirement (§6.2.1).
Other approved exam
The Board may approve another counseling certification examination under §6.3; the published LPC-specific alternatives identify NCE, NCMHCE and CRC. No unidentified approved slot is emitted as an exam.
Post degree experience
3000 supervised post-degree counseling hours under 27CSR1 §6.2 and at least two year(s) under §30-31-8(a)(5).
Records currency
Documentation three years old or older is not considered; up to 500 supervision hours from another jurisdiction may be considered with proof at application (§4.5).
Score currency
Approved passing national certification examination score valid for five years under 27CSR1 §§4.3 and 6.3.
Substance use
Must satisfy §30-31-8(a)(8); an applicant with at least two continuous years of sobriety in active recovery may be considered at Board discretion.
Supervision
Board-approved supervisor; at least half of experience in direct client counseling; one hour of direct supervision for every twenty hours of practice and at least twice monthly when supervisor is not a full-time employee of the same agency (§6.2).
Late renewal within 60 days after expiration
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Board may require proof of completed continuing education; no counseling practice while expired.
Fees
Pay renewal and late fees under 27CSR2.
Timing
Within 60 days after expiration.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

New licensure after lapse exceeding two years
Age
At least 18 years old (W. Va. Code §30-31-8(a)(2)).
Application
Completed application within six months; fee; official graduate transcripts and transcript review sheet; two licensed master/doctoral professional recommendations, three distinct personal references, supervisor contract, and supervision verification under 27CSR1 §4.1.
Associate license
Associate license required during the supervisory experience (§7.1); applicant remains supervised until independently licensed.
Board determinations
Educational equivalence, supervised experience credit, and successful supervisor endorsement are determined by the Board; unsuccessful supervisor endorsement may require more supervision.
Character
Good moral character, personal references and the conviction disclosures or rehabilitation evidence required by §30-31-8(a)(1),(7).
Education
Accredited counseling master or doctorate; 60 semester or 90 quarter graduate hours, including the fourteen required curricular areas of 27CSR1 §6.1.2 and approved electives.
Employment eligibility
U.S. citizen or eligible for U.S. employment under §30-31-8(a)(3).
Exam permission
If not already passed, a completed application and Board determination of eligibility precede taking the approved examination (§4.4).
Experience pathway
Master: 3000 post-degree supervised hours and two years; doctorate: 1500 hours and one year, with Board review of current documentation.
Expired license
More than two years after expiration; former license cannot be renewed, restored, reissued or reinstated. Apply for a new license under current Series 1 (§27-3-3.10).
Other approved exam
The Board may approve another counseling certification examination under §6.3; the published LPC-specific alternatives identify NCE, NCMHCE and CRC. No unidentified approved slot is emitted as an exam.
Records currency
Documentation three years old or older is not considered; up to 500 supervision hours from another jurisdiction may be considered with proof at application (§4.5).
Score currency
Approved passing national certification examination score valid for five years under 27CSR1 §§4.3 and 6.3.
Substance use
Must satisfy §30-31-8(a)(8); an applicant with at least two continuous years of sobriety in active recovery may be considered at Board discretion.
Supervision
Board-approved supervisor; at least half of experience in direct client counseling; one hour of direct supervision for every twenty hours of practice and at least twice monthly when supervisor is not a full-time employee of the same agency (§6.2).
Reinstatement more than 60 days and within two years after expiration
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Board may require proof of completed CE (§3.11); expired license does not authorize practice.
Fees
Renewal, late and reinstatement fees under 27CSR2.
Timing
After the 60-day late renewal period but not beyond two years after expiration (§§3.9,3.10).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Annual license renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
2026 cycle
The Board renewal page states CE proof is not required for 2026; proof for courses July 1, 2025–June 30, 2027 is due for 2027.
Continuing education
35 approved CE contact hours per biennium, including at least three counselor ethics hours and two veteran/family mental-health hours (§4.1). First-cycle ethics hours must be a formal approved program; approved supervisors additionally complete three clinical supervision hours (§4.9).
Deadline
Renew annually on or before June 30; application and appropriate fee (27CSR3 §3.1).
Original exam
Renewal depends on the existing license and CE, not a retaking of a national certification exam; complete renewal requirements are in §27-3-3 and §30-31-10.
Records
Maintain CE completion records for six years; supply proof for each biennium and certificates when audited (§§3.1.2,3.3,3.4).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate

Supervised associate license under 27CSR1 §7; the current rule uses LPCA in place of the provisional terminology still appearing in older forms.

Licensing authority: West Virginia Board of Examiners in Counseling · Application information

Associate licensure for supervised counseling
Age
At least 18 years old (W. Va. Code §30-31-8(a)(2)).
Application
Completed application within six months; fee; official graduate transcripts and transcript review sheet; two licensed master/doctoral professional recommendations, three distinct personal references, supervisor contract, and supervision verification under 27CSR1 §4.1.
Associate license
Associate license required during the supervisory experience (§7.1); applicant remains supervised until independently licensed.
Board determinations
Educational equivalence, supervised experience credit, and successful supervisor endorsement are determined by the Board; unsuccessful supervisor endorsement may require more supervision.
Character
Good moral character, personal references and the conviction disclosures or rehabilitation evidence required by §30-31-8(a)(1),(7).
Duration
36 months; one additional 24-month renewal by written request and fee (§7.7).
Education
Accredited counseling master or doctorate; 60 semester or 90 quarter graduate hours, including the fourteen required curricular areas of 27CSR1 §6.1.2 and approved electives.
Employment eligibility
U.S. citizen or eligible for U.S. employment under §30-31-8(a)(3).
Ethics attestation
Sign the application statement that the ACA Code of Ethics and Board rules have been read and understood (§7.2.3).
Exam permission
If not already passed, a completed application and Board determination of eligibility precede taking the approved examination (§4.4).
Other approved exam
The Board may approve another counseling certification examination under §6.3; the published LPC-specific alternatives identify NCE, NCMHCE and CRC. No unidentified approved slot is emitted as an exam.
Practice limit
May not own, operate or act as an independent contractor of a private practice; practice only within the licensure supervisory requirement (§7.6).
Records currency
Documentation three years old or older is not considered; up to 500 supervision hours from another jurisdiction may be considered with proof at application (§4.5).
Score currency
Approved passing national certification examination score valid for five years under 27CSR1 §§4.3 and 6.3.
Substance use
Must satisfy §30-31-8(a)(8); an applicant with at least two continuous years of sobriety in active recovery may be considered at Board discretion.
Supervision
Board-approved supervisor; at least half of experience in direct client counseling; one hour of direct supervision for every twenty hours of practice and at least twice monthly when supervisor is not a full-time employee of the same agency (§6.2).
Supervision stage
Issued to begin or continue required supervision; academic and national examination requirements must be satisfied before associate issuance (§§7.1,7.2.2).
One time associate license extension
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Duration
Written request permits one additional 24-month term.
Fee
Pay the current initial application fee under 27CSR2.
Incomplete supervision
Supervised counseling experience remains incomplete at the end of 36 months.
Practice
Continue only under approved supervision and associate practice restrictions.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-04-14.

Temporary Permit to Practice Professional Counseling

One-time, nonrenewable supervised permit during the licensing application and examination process; not a stand-alone independent license.

Licensing authority: West Virginia Board of Examiners in Counseling · Application information

Temporary supervised permit while preparing for examination
Application
Request with the licensure application; not a separate stand-alone application.
Duration
Valid at most six months; issued once and cannot be renewed; $50 statutory permit fee (§30-31-8(c)).
Exam timing
Permit is for an applicant who has not taken the national exam; passing it is required to continue counseling after permit expiration. This timing is a condition, not removal of the examination leaf.
Other approved exam
Other Board-approved counseling certification examinations remain an applicant condition until identifiable.
Revocation
Board may revoke the permit at any time by majority vote.
Supervision
Approved licensed professional supervisor; same supervision conditions as provisional/associate status; hours count toward required experience.

CRC Examination

Provider
Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC); delivered by Pearson VUE
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination administered three times a year in testing windows, in two locked sections (Rehabilitation and Disability; Counseling) with conjunctive scoring
Exam questions
175 multiple-choice questions: 150 scored items and 25 field test questions
Time limit
210 minutes to complete the examination questions (3½ hours allotted; set aside 4 hours)
Passing score
Passing score required on both the Counseling part and the Rehabilitation and Disability part in a single administration
Exam fee
$420 certification fee; $275 reexamination fee
Examination outline
  • 1. Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice (10.7% of questions) (10.7%)
    • A. Uphold professional ethical standards for rehabilitation counselors and manage risk. [C] — a) Conceptualize and articulate the counseling relationship; b) Adhere to and ensure confidentiality, privileged communication, and privacy; c) Understand how to promote and participate in advocacy and ensure accessibility; d) Maintain professional roles to ensure appropriate service provision; e) Maintain appropriate relationships with other professionals; f) Understand the differing professional relationships in forensic and indirect services; g) Understand the ethical requirements of evaluation, assessment, and interpretation; h) Understand the ethical requirements in the roles of teaching, supervising, and training; i) Understand the ethical implications of research and publication; j) Understand the limits and ethical implications of the use of technology and distance counseling; k) Understand and ensure appropriate business practices; l) Understand and apply ethical decision-making models and processes.
    • B. Understand and apply laws and public policy affecting individuals with disabilities. [R] — a) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.; b) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 – Sections 501-504.; c) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended.; d) Understand the impact of SSI/SSDI on employment, independent living and economic self-sufficiency.; e) Understand the impact of veteran benefits (e.g., service-connected disability compensation and non-service-connected pension) on employment, independent living and economic self-sufficiency.; f) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Fair Labor Standards Act.; g) Understand the definition of a disability in ADA, the uses of the definition, and how the definition relates to the rights guaranteed by the ADA.; h) Understand the rights guaranteed by the ADA in an employment setting.; i) Understand the definition of a reasonable accommodation as defined by the ADA.; j) Understand the rights guaranteed by the ADA on public transportation.; k) Understand the changes to the definition of disability in the ADAAA, the changes to the interactive process, and the implications for employees and employers.; l) Understand the role of the EEOC in relation to discrimination.; m) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of IDEA.; n) Summarize and synthesize the historical impacts of WIA.; o) Understand the rights and limits guaranteed by FMLA.; p) Understand the confidentiality and technology requirements of HIPAA.; q) Understand the impact of TWWIIA (Ticket to Work) on employment, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.; r) Understand the impact and implications of WIOA on employment outcomes, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.
    • C. Advocate for diversity, understand, and apply appropriate services that address multicultural counseling issues. [C]
    • D. Understand and apply appropriate rehabilitation terminology and concepts. [R]
    • E. Understand and identify the differing professional roles, functions, and effective relationships with other providers and professionals. [C]
    • F. Understand the credentialing issues related to the rehabilitation counseling profession and advocate for appropriate solutions. [C]
    • G. Understand the differing organizational structures of rehabilitation counseling practice settings (e.g., public, private-for-profit, and not-for-profit service delivery systems). [R]
    • H. Understand, synthesize, and apply knowledge of historical and philosophical foundations of rehabilitation counseling. [R]
  • 2. Counseling Theories, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Practice (11.3% of questions) (11.3%)
    • A. Apply clinical problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. [C]
    • B. Understand rehabilitation techniques for individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • C. Understand individual counseling theories. [C] — a) Integrated/Eclectic; b) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy; c) Reality Therapy; d) Person-Centered; e) Psychoanalytic; f) Gestalt; g) Trait-factor/Person Environment Fit; h) Behavioral; i) Cognitive/Behavioral; j) Adlerian; k) Solution-Focused; l) Narrative; m) Feminist; n) Existential
    • D. Utilize individual counseling practices, interventions, and techniques. [C] — a) Systematic Desensitization; b) Behavior Analysis and Therapy; c) Social Skills; d) Time Management; e) Stress Management; f) Restructuring; g) Anger Management; h) Problem Solving Therapy; i) Person-centered practices; j) Mindfulness-based practices
    • E. Understand substance use and treatment. [C]
    • F. Establish and maintain effective working alliances with clients. [C]
    • G. Understand dual diagnosis and co-occurring disorders. [C]
    • H. Understand counseling/training to help clients develop workplace socialization skills. [R]
    • I. Demonstrate motivational interviewing use and skills. [C]
    • J. Facilitate treatment planning for clinical conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). [C]
    • K. Understand human growth and development. [C]
    • L. Apply evidence-based psychosocial/psychiatric rehabilitation interventions in rehabilitation counseling practice. [R]
    • M. Apply evidence-based vocational interventions in rehabilitation counseling practice. [R]
    • N. Apply or facilitate evidence-based counseling/therapy for clients with clinical diagnoses (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). [C]
    • O. Apply or facilitate evidence-based counseling/therapy for clients with substance use disorders. [C]
    • P. Understand theories and techniques of clinical supervision. [C]
    • Q. Recognize and utilize evidence and research-based practices. [C]
  • 3. Group and Family Counseling (4.7% of questions) (4.7%)
    • A. Understand family counseling theories. [C]
    • B. Incorporate family counseling practices and interventions. [C]
    • C. Understand group counseling theories. [C]
    • D. Incorporate group counseling practices and interventions. [C]
  • 4. Crisis and Trauma Counseling and Interventions (6.0% of questions) (6%)
    • A. Conduct assessment of client risk and development of a safety plan. [C]
    • B. Provide effective rehabilitation counseling services for individuals with polytrauma injuries. [C]
    • C. Understand the impact of crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events on people with disabilities. [C]
    • D. Use principles of crisis intervention for people with disabilities during crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events. [C]
    • E. Understand the emergency management system within rehabilitation agencies and in the community. [C]
  • 5. Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability (9.3% of questions) (9.3%)
    • A. Evaluate the psychosocial and cultural impact of disability. [R] — a) Individual adjustment to disability; b) Human sexuality and disability issues; c) Family or support system adjustment to disability
    • B. Understand medical terminology. [R]
    • C. Apply knowledge of the medical aspects and implications of various disabilities. [R] — a) Mental Functions; b) Sensory Functions and Pain; c) Voice and Speech Functions and Structures; d) Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory Functions and Structures; e) Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems and Structures; f) Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions and Structures; g) Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement Related Functions and Structures; h) Skin and Related Functions and Structures; i) Nervous System Structures; j) Eye, Ear, and Related Structures; k) Learning and Applying Knowledge; l) Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships; m) General Tasks and Demands; n) Communication; o) Mobility; p) Self-Care; q) Domestic-Life; r) Major Life Areas; s) Community, Social, and Civic Life
    • D. Review the implications of medications as they apply to individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • E. Address environmental and attitudinal barriers for individuals with disabilities. [R]
  • 6. Assessment/Evaluation, Occupational Analysis, and Service Implementation (10.7% of questions) (10.7%)
    • A. Understand the vocational implications of functional limitations associated with disabilities. [R] — a) Mental Functions; b) Sensory Functions and Pain; c) Voice and Speech Functions and Structures; d) Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory Functions and Structures; e) Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems and Structures; f) Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions and Structures; g) Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement Related Functions and Structures; h) Skin and Related Functions and Structures; i) Nervous System Structures; j) Eye, Ear, and Related Structures; k) Learning and Applying Knowledge; l) Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships; m) General Tasks and Demands; n) Communication; o) Mobility; p) Self-Care; q) Domestic-Life; r) Major Life Areas; s) Community, Social, and Civic Life
    • B. Access and review resources for the assessment process. [C] — a) Review of case materials for pertinent information; b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); c) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
    • C. Refer or conduct informal assessments. [C] — a) Interviews and initial assessments; b) Situational assessment/job shadowing/community-based work assessment
    • D. Refer or conduct formal assessments. [C] — a) Achievement Tests; b) Aptitude Tests; c) Intelligence Tests; d) Interest Inventories; e) Career, Work Values, and Maturity Tests; f) Personality Tests; g) Psychological/Neuropsychological Tests; h) Adaptive Behavior/Behavioral Observations; i) Mental Health Screeners; j) Learning Styles Tests; k) Ecological/Functional Capacity Evaluations; l) Dexterity Tests; m) Work Samples; n) Non-Cognitive Tests
    • E. Refer or perform Transferable Skills Analysis (e.g., VDARE). [C]
    • F. Interpret assessment results for rehabilitation planning purposes. [C]
    • G. Perform job analysis. [R]
    • H. Assess ergonomic, job accommodation, and assistive technology needs. [R]
    • I. Advise on job modification and restructuring techniques. [R]
    • J. Perform labor market analysis. [R] — a) Occupational and labor market information (e.g., DOT, ORS, O*NET, OOH, other national, regional, or local government labor market sources, private salary surveys); b) Methods and techniques used to conduct labor market surveys
    • K. Use computer-based job matching systems. [C]
  • 7. Career Development and Job Placement (9.3% of questions) (9.3%)
    • A. Understand, identify, and apply career development and job placement strategies. [R]
    • B. Understand, identify, and apply job readiness, seeking, and retention skills. [C]
    • C. Understand the unique needs of specialized populations in relation to job development and placement. [R]
    • D. Understand techniques to develop and retain relationships with employers to assist with job development and placement. [R]
    • E. Understand and identify evidence-based employment models and services tailored to individuals with significant disabilities and/or barriers to competitive employment. [R] — i) Supported Employment (SE); ii) Customized Employment (CE); iii) Individual Placement and Support (IPS); iv) Self-Employment
    • F. Understand the unique needs of individuals with a dual diagnosis in the workplace and apply appropriate strategies. [R]
    • G. Understand and apply theories of career development and work adjustment. [C] — a) Trait-Factor/Person Environment Fit theories.; b) Personality theories; c) Developmental/Self-Concept theories; d) Sociological/Self-Concept theories; e) Behavioral theories
    • H. Understand, identify, and facilitate the appropriate use of work conditioning or work hardening resources and strategies. [R]
    • I. Understand the effective use of and risks of social media as a networking tool. [C]
  • 8. Business Engagement (7.6% of questions) (7.6%)
    • A. Assist employers with job accommodations for their employees with disabilities (e.g., assistive technology, workspace modifications). [R]
    • B. Provide consultation services and training to employers / businesses concerning disability concepts, best practices, and applicable laws (e.g., hiring, return to work, reasonable accommodations, and retention). [R]
    • C. Partner with employers/businesses to address needs and concerns related to hiring and retaining individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • D. Understand, communicate, and apply business-focused strategies, techniques, and terminology to improve employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • E. Work with employers to develop pipelines for employing individuals with disabilities using work-based learning and training methods. [R] — a) Apprenticeships; b) Internships; c) On-the-job training (OJT)
    • F. Understand the dual customer role (e.g., employer and person with a disability). [R]
  • 9. Community Resources and Partnerships (8.0% of questions) (8%)
    • A. Understand the programs and services available for specific and underserved populations. [R]
    • B. Understand Social Security programs, benefits, work incentives, and disincentives. [R]
    • C. Possess knowledge of funding sources and community resources for rehabilitation services. [R]
    • D. Provide or facilitate skills development and independent living services. [R]
    • E. Provide or facilitate financial literacy training. [R]
    • F. Understand and refer to services available through client advocacy programs (e.g., Client Assistance Program [CAP], legal aid). [R]
    • G. Refer to and partner with one-stop career centers and other community stakeholders. [R]
    • H. Understand and facilitate life care planning and life care planning services. [R]
    • I. Advocate with community partners for full community inclusion for people with disabilities. [R]
    • J. Provide or facilitate counseling on the impact of employment on community services and benefits. [R]
  • 10. Case Management (10.0% of questions) (10%)
    • A. Understand and apply the case management process. [C] — a) Case finding; b) Planning; c) Service coordination; d) Referral to and utilization of other disciplines; e) Advocacy
    • B. Complete case recording and documentation. [C]
    • C. Understand and apply negotiation, mediation, and conflict resolution strategies. [C]
    • D. Understand and apply the principles of caseload management. [C]
    • E. Understand and address institutional and social barriers that impede access, equity, and success for clients. [C]
    • F. Apply techniques for working with individuals with limited English proficiency or varied communication methods. [C]
    • G. Understand and apply principles, models, and documentation formats for biopsychosocial case conceptualization and treatment planning. [C]
  • 11. Health Care and Disability Management (7.3% of questions) (7.3%)
    • A. Understand and provide appropriate medical intervention resources. [R]
    • B. Understand the diversity of healthcare benefits, delivery systems, and the impact of services on individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • C. Understand and collaborate with health promotion and wellness providers regarding strategies for people with chronic illness and disability. [R]
    • D. Understand different insurance programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid, group and individual, short-and long-term disability, personal injury no-fault liability). [R]
    • E. Understand and apply disability prevention and management strategies. [R]
    • F. Understand the variability of workers’ compensation laws and practices. [R]
  • 12. Research, Methodology, and Performance Management (5.3% of questions) (5.3%)
    • A. Understand statistics and psychometric concepts related to measurement. [C] — a) Validity; b) Reliability/ Standard Error of Measurement; c) Norms; d) Scaled and Standard Scores; e) Percentiles; f) Distributions/Bell Curve; g) Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Measurement
    • B. Understand research methods (e.g., surveys, case studies) and data analysis. [C]
    • C. Assess research literature related to evidence – based practice. [C] — a) Research databases (e.g., EBSCO, PsycINFO, MEDLINE); b) Ability to select between various levels of evidence-based research (e.g., subject matter experts to the systematic reviews and meta-analyses gold standard)
    • D. Comprehend concepts and principles of organizational development and stakeholder management. [C] — a) Effective management of services and programs, including areas such as administration, finance, benefit systems, and accountability; b) Strategic planning techniques and budget planning
    • E. Understand program evaluation procedures for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation services and outcomes. [R]
Examination sources

National Counselor Examination

Provider
National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC); administered through the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE) and delivered by Pearson VUE at test centers or online through OnVUE
Format
200-question, multiple-choice, non-sectioned examination; scored and unscored items appear in jumbled order; a different form is compiled for each administration
Exam questions
200 multiple-choice questions: 160 scored and 40 unscored field-test items
Time limit
225 minutes to complete the examination within a 255-minute test session (one scheduled 15-minute break after question #100)
Passing score
Criterion passing score set by a modified Angoff method and adjusted for each form by statistical equating; passing scores may vary slightly for each version
Examination outline
  • 1. Professional Practice and Ethics — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities related to maintaining proper administrative and clinical protocols. (12% of items; 19 scored items) (12%)
    • A. Assess your (the counselor) competency to work with a specific client
    • B. Understand statistical concepts and methods in research
    • C. Practice legal and ethical counseling
    • D. Clarify counselor–client roles
    • E. Discuss client’s rights and responsibilities
    • F. Discuss limits of confidentiality
    • G. Explain counselor agency policies
    • H. Review payment, fees, and insurance benefits
    • I. Explain counseling processes, procedures, risks, and benefits
    • J. Explain uses and limits of social media
    • K. Inform clients about the legal aspects of counseling
    • L. Obtain informed consent
    • M. Discuss confidentiality as it applies to electronic communication
    • N. Establish group rules, expectations, and termination criteria
    • O. Assess competency to provide informed consent
    • P. Monitor the therapeutic relationship and build trust as needed
    • Q. Review client records
    • R. Provide adequate accommodations for clients with disabilities
    • S. Provide information to third parties
    • T. Provide referral sources if counseling services are inadequate/ inappropriate
    • U. Advocate for professional and client issues
    • V. Seek supervision/consultation
    • W. Create and maintain documentation appropriate for each aspect of the counseling process
    • X. Awareness and practice of self-care
  • 2. Intake, Assessment, and Diagnosis — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively conduct client intake, assessment, and diagnosis. (12% of items; 19 scored items) (12%)
    • A. Conduct a biopsychosocial interview
    • B. Conduct a diagnostic interview
    • C. Conduct cultural formulation interview
    • D. Conduct an initial interview
    • E. Determine diagnosis
    • F. Perform a Mental Status Exam (MSE)
    • G. Consider co-occurring diagnoses
    • H. Determine level of care needed
    • I. Determine the appropriate modality of treatment
    • J. Assess the presenting problem and level of distress
    • K. Evaluate an individual’s level of mental health functioning
    • L. Screen clients for appropriate services
    • M. Select, use, and interpret appropriate assessment instruments
    • N. Use formal and informal observations
    • O. Assess for trauma
    • P. Assess substance use
    • Q. Obtain client self-reports
    • R. Evaluate interactional dynamics
    • S. Conduct ongoing assessment for at-risk behaviors (i.e., suicide, homicide, self/other injury, and relationship violence)
    • T. Use pre-test and post-test measures to assess outcomes
    • U. Evaluate counseling effectiveness
  • 3. Areas of Clinical Focus — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge and skills related to areas of clients’ concern(s). (29% of items; 47 scored items) (29%)
    • A. Adjustment related to physical loss/injury/medical condition
    • B. Aging/geriatric concerns
    • C. Behavioral problems
    • D. Bullying
    • E. Caregiving concerns
    • F. Cultural adjustments
    • G. End-of-life issues
    • H. Fear and panic
    • I. Financial issues
    • J. Gender identity development
    • K. Grief/loss
    • L. Hopelessness/depression
    • M. Loneliness/attachment
    • N. Hyper/hypo mental focus
    • O. Intellectual functioning issues
    • P. Insomnia/sleep issues
    • Q. Maladaptive eating behaviors
    • R. Remarriage/recommitment
    • S. Developmental processes/tasks/issues
    • T. Obsessive thoughts/behaviors
    • U. Occupation and career development
    • V. Physical issues related to anxiety
    • W. Physical issues related to depression
    • X. Physical/emotional issues related to trauma
    • Y. Process addictions (pornography, gambling)
    • Z. Racism/discrimination/oppression
    • AA. Religious values conflict
    • AB. Retirement concerns
    • AC. Ruminating and/or intrusive thoughts
    • AD. Separation from primary care givers
    • AE. Sexual functioning concerns
    • AF. Sleeping habits
    • AG. Spiritual/existential concerns
    • AH. Stress management
    • AI. Substance use/addiction issues
    • AJ. Suicidal thoughts/behaviors
    • AK. Terminal illness issues
    • AL. Visual/auditory hallucinations
    • AM. Worry and anxiety
    • AN. Adoption issues
    • AO. Blended family issues
    • AP. Child abuse-related concerns
    • AQ. Child development issues
    • AR. Dating/relationship problems
    • AS. Divorce
    • AT. Family abuse/violence (e.g., physical, sexual, emotional)
    • AU. Interpersonal partner violence concerns
    • AV. Marital/partner communication problems
    • AW. Parenting/co-parenting conflicts
    • AX. Emotional dysregulation
  • 4. Treatment Planning — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to develop an effective course of treatment. (9% of items; 14 scored items) (9%)
    • A. Collaborate with client to establish treatment goals and objectives
    • B. Establish short- and long-term counseling goals consistent with clients’ diagnoses
    • C. Identify barriers affecting client goal attainment
    • D. Identify strengths that improve the likelihood of goal attainment
    • E. Refer to different levels of treatment (e.g., outpatient, inpatient, residential, etc.)
    • F. Refer to others for concurrent treatment
    • G. Guide treatment planning
    • H. Discuss termination process and issues
    • I. Discuss transitions in group membership
    • J. Follow-up after discharge
    • K. Use assessment instrument results to facilitate client decision making
    • L. Review and revise the treatment plan
    • M. Engage clients in review of progress toward treatment goals
    • N. Collaborate with other providers and client support systems (documentation and report writing)
    • O. Discuss with clients the integration and maintenance of therapeutic progress
    • P. Educate client to the value of treatment plan compliance
  • 5. Counseling Skills and Interventions — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to conduct effective counseling. (30% of items; 48 scored items) (30%)
    • A. Align intervention with client’s developmental level
    • B. Align intervention with counseling modality (individual, couple, family, or group)
    • C. Align intervention with client population (e.g., veterans, minorities, disenfranchised, disabled)
    • D. Implement individual counseling in relation to a plan of treatment
    • E. Establish therapeutic alliance
    • F. Apply theory-based counseling intervention(s)
    • G. Address addiction issues
    • H. Address cultural considerations
    • I. Address family composition and cultural considerations
    • J. Evaluate and explain systemic patterns of interaction
    • K. Explore family member interaction
    • L. Explore religious and spiritual values
    • M. Guide clients in the development of skills or strategies for dealing with their problems
    • N. Help clients develop support systems
    • O. Help facilitate clients’ motivation to make the changes they desire
    • P. Improve interactional patterns
    • Q. Provide crisis intervention
    • R. Educate client about transference and defense mechanisms
    • S. Facilitate trust and safety
    • T. Build communication skills
    • U. Develop conflict resolution strategies
    • V. Develop safety plans
    • W. Facilitate systemic change
    • X. Provide distance counseling or telemental health
    • Y. Provide education resources (e.g., stress management, assertiveness training, divorce adjustment)
    • Z. Provide psychoeducation for client
    • AA. Summarize
    • AB. Reframe/redirect
    • AC. Facilitate empathic responses
    • AD. Use self-disclosure
    • AE. Use constructive confrontation
    • AF. Facilitate awareness of here-and-now interactions
    • AG. Facilitate resolution of interpersonal conflict
    • AH. Use linking and blocking in a group context
    • AI. Management of leader–member dynamics
    • AJ. Model giving and receiving of feedback
    • AK. Address impact of extended families
    • AL. Contain and manage intense feelings
    • AM. Explore the influence of family of origin patterns and themes
    • AN. Address the impact of social support network
    • AO. Use “structured” activities
    • AP. Promote and encourage interactions among group members
    • AQ. Promote and encourage interactions with the group leader
    • AR. Use psychoeducation as a part of the group process
    • AS. Explain phases in the group process
    • AT. Identify and discuss group themes and patterns
    • AU. Create intervention based on the stage of group development
    • AV. Challenge harmful group member behaviors
    • AW. Address the potential interaction of members outside of the group
  • 6. Core Counseling Attributes — This section encompasses behaviors, traits, and dispositions of effective counselors. (8% of items; 13 scored items) (8%)
    • A. Awareness of self and impact on clients
    • B. Genuineness
    • C. Congruence
    • D. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to gender orientation and gender issues
    • E. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to multicultural issues
    • F. Demonstrate conflict tolerance and resolution
    • G. Empathic attunement
    • H. Empathic responding
    • I. Foster the emergence of group therapeutic factors
    • J. Non-judgmental stance
    • K. Positive regard
    • L. Respect and acceptance for diversity
    • M. Use foundational listening, attending, and reflecting skills
Examination sources

National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination

Provider
National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC); administered through the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE) and delivered by Pearson VUE at test centers or online through OnVUE
Format
11 clinical case studies, each with one narrative in three sections (initial intake summary and two counseling sessions) followed by 9–15 four-option, single-answer multiple-choice questions; one case study is unscored
Exam questions
130–150 multiple-choice items, of which 100 are scored
Time limit
225 minutes to complete the examination within a 255-minute test session (one scheduled 15-minute break after the fifth case study)
Passing score
Cut score set through standard setting and applied to other forms through statistical equating; the total score is the number of correctly answered scored items
Examination outline
  • 1. Professional Practice and Ethics — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities related to maintaining proper administrative and clinical protocols. (15% of scored items) (15%)
    • A. Assess your (the counselor) competency to work with a specific client
    • B. Understand statistical concepts and methods in research
    • C. Practice legal and ethical counseling
    • D. Clarify counselor/client roles
    • E. Discuss client’s rights and responsibilities
    • F. Discuss limits of confidentiality
    • G. Explain counselor/agency policies
    • H. Review payment, fees, and insurance benefits
    • I. Explain counseling processes, procedures, risks, and benefits
    • J. Explain uses and limits of social media
    • K. Inform clients about the legal aspects of counseling
    • L. Obtain informed consent
    • M. Discuss confidentiality as it applies to electronic communication
    • N. Establish group rules, expectations, and termination criteria
    • O. Assess competency to provide informed consent
    • P. Monitor the therapeutic relationship and build trust as needed
    • Q. Review client records
    • R. Provide adequate accommodations for clients with disabilities
    • S. Provide information to third parties
    • T. Provide referral sources if counseling services are inadequate/inappropriate
    • U. Advocate for professional and client issues
    • V. Supervision
    • W. Create and maintain documentation appropriate for each aspect of the counseling process
    • X. Awareness and practice of self-care
  • 2. Intake, Assessment, and Diagnosis — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively conduct client intake, assessment, and diagnosis. (25% of scored items) (25%)
    • A. Conduct a biopsychosocial interview
    • B. Conduct a diagnostic interview
    • C. Conduct cultural formulation interview
    • D. Conduct an initial interview
    • E. Determine diagnosis
    • F. Perform a Mental Status Exam (MSE)
    • G. Consider co-occurring diagnoses
    • H. Determine level of care needed
    • I. Determine the appropriate modality of treatment
    • J. Assess the presenting problem and level of distress
    • K. Evaluate an individual’s level of mental health functioning
    • L. Screen clients for appropriate services
    • M. Select, use, and interpret appropriate assessment instruments
    • N. Use formal and informal observations
    • O. Assess for trauma
    • P. Assess substance use
    • Q. Obtain client self-reports
    • R. Evaluate interactional dynamics
    • S. Conduct ongoing assessment for at-risk behaviors (i.e., suicide, homicide, self/other-injury, and relationship violence)
    • T. Use pre-test and post-test measures to assess outcomes
    • U. Evaluate counseling effectiveness
  • 4. Treatment Planning — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to develop an effective course of treatment. (15% of scored items) (15%)
    • A. Collaborate with client to establish treatment goals and objectives
    • B. Establish short- and long-term counseling goals consistent with client’s diagnosis
    • C. Identify barriers affecting client goal attainment
    • D. Identify strengths that improve the likelihood of goal attainment
    • E. Refer to different levels of treatment (e.g., outpatient, inpatient, residential)
    • F. Refer to others for concurrent treatment
    • G. Guide treatment planning
    • H. Discuss termination process and issues
    • I. Discuss transitions in group membership
    • J. Follow up after discharge
    • K. Use assessment instrument results to facilitate client decision-making
    • L. Review and revise the treatment plan
    • M. Engage clients in review of progress toward treatment goals
    • N. Collaborate with other providers and client support systems (documentation and report writing)
    • O. Discuss with clients the integration and maintenance of therapeutic progress
    • P. Educate client to the value of treatment plan compliance
  • 5. Counseling Skills and Interventions — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to conduct effective counseling. (30% of scored items) (30%)
    • A. Align intervention with client’s developmental level
    • B. Align intervention with counseling modality (individual, couple, family, or group)
    • C. Align intervention with client population (e.g., veterans, minorities, disenfranchised, disabled)
    • D. Implement individual counseling in relation to a plan of treatment
    • E. Establish therapeutic alliance
    • F. Apply theory-based counseling intervention(s)
    • G. Address addiction issues
    • H. Address cultural considerations
    • I. Address family composition and cultural considerations
    • J. Evaluate and explain systemic patterns of interaction
    • K. Explore family member interaction
    • L. Explore religious and spiritual values
    • M. Guide clients in the development of skills or strategies for dealing with their problems
    • N. Help clients develop support systems
    • O. Help facilitate clients’ motivation to make the changes they desire
    • P. Improve interactional patterns
    • Q. Provide crisis intervention
    • R. Educate client about transference and defense mechanisms
    • S. Facilitate trust and safety
    • T. Build communication skills
    • U. Develop conflict resolution strategies
    • V. Develop safety plans
    • W. Facilitate systemic change
    • X. Provide distance counseling or telemental health
    • Y. Provide education resources (e.g., stress management, assertiveness training, divorce adjustment)
    • Z. Provide psychoeducation for client
    • AA. Summarize
    • AB. Reframe/redirect
    • AC. Facilitate empathic responses
    • AD. Use self-disclosure
    • AE. Use constructive confrontation
    • AF. Facilitate awareness of here-and-now interactions
    • AG. Facilitate resolution of interpersonal conflict
    • AH. Use linking and blocking in a group context
    • AI. Management of leader–member dynamics
    • AJ. Model giving and receiving of feedback
    • AK. Address impact of extended families
    • AL. Contain and manage intense feelings
    • AM. Explore the influence of family of origin patterns and themes
    • AN. Address the impact of social support network
    • AO. Use “structured” activities
    • AP. Promote and encourage interactions among group members
    • AQ. Promote and encourage interactions with the group leader
    • AR. Use psychoeducation as a part of the group process
    • AS. Explain phases in the group process
    • AT. Identify and discuss group themes and patterns
    • AU. Create intervention based on the stage of group development
    • AV. Challenge harmful group member behaviors
    • AW. Address the potential interaction of members outside of the group
  • 6. Core Counseling Attributes — This section encompasses behaviors, traits, and dispositions of effective counselors. (15% of scored items) (15%)
    • A. Awareness of self and impact on clients
    • B. Genuineness
    • C. Congruence
    • D. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to gender orientation and gender issues
    • E. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to multicultural issues
    • F. Demonstrate conflict tolerance and resolution
    • G. Empathic attunement
    • H. Empathic responding
    • I. Foster the emergence of group therapeutic factors
    • J. Non-judgmental stance
    • K. Positive regard
    • L. Respect and acceptance for diversity
    • M. Use foundational listening, attending, and reflecting skills
Examination sources