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Pennsylvania Professional Counselor — Requirements & Free Practice

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Licensed Professional Counselor

Independent professional counseling license.

Licensing authority: Pennsylvania State Board of Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists and Professional Counselors · Application information

Licensure by endorsement under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3111
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Competency
Board-determined competency methods, including CE or two of the preceding five years of practice; the LPC FAQ requires two-of-five-years practice and reviews other-country applicants individually.
Existing license
Current other-state, territory or country license with Board-determined requirements substantially equivalent to or exceeding Pennsylvania’s.
Good standing
Good standing and no disqualifying conduct or discipline unless the Board permits it under its statutory discretion.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Remaining requirements
The Board determines equivalency and competency; no named examination is imposed by § 3111(a) or the LPC FAQ’s Act 41 procedure. A provisional endorsement may be granted while remaining requirements are satisfied.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Biennial renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Thirty approved hours, including three ethics hours, two child-abuse reporting hours and one suicide-prevention hour stated by the Board snapshot. Initial-renewal exemptions and approved hardship waivers/extensions apply under § 49.40.
Disciplinary reporting
Disclose other-jurisdiction licenses and discipline under Act § 13.
Renewal
Submit biennial renewal application and applicable fee.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Licensure by endorsement under Act § 10.1(c)
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Board snapshot exam statement
The Board snapshot says: Endorsement, a license must satisfy the general requirements for licensure and provide a letter from the other jurisdiction registration boards where the licensed professional counselor is licensed and practicing, certifying licensure and reporting any violations, meet the educational, supervised clinical experience and examination requirements and have been actively engaged in the practice of professional counseling for 5 of the last 7 years immediately preceding the filing of the application. Act § 10.1(c) and § 49.18 define this route without an examination or prior-passing requirement; the lower-ranked snapshot demand remains an applicant condition.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Education
Meet Act § 7(f)(2) and § 49.13(a)(3).
Existing license
Current professional counselor license in good standing in another state; provide licensure and disciplinary-history verification.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Practice
Active professional counseling for five of the last seven years before filing.
Supervised experience
At least 3,000 acceptable supervised clinical hours conforming to the licensing state’s requirements.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Reactivation of an inactive license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit reactivation request through PALS and applicable fees.
Continuing education
Show compliance with CE requirements for the preceding biennium.
Prior license
Previously held Pennsylvania LPC license is inactive.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Initial licensure by examination

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Art therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(3) accepts the ATCB Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is a condition rather than a counselor exam leaf under the contract.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Clinical instruction
A 100-hour supervised practicum followed by 600-hour supervised internship; the Board’s November 2019 FAQ also states it accepts six semester/nine quarter hours of practicum/internship.
Coursework
Required coursework covers human development, social and cultural foundations, helping relationships, group work, career and lifestyle development, appraisal, research and program evaluation, professional orientation, and clinical instruction.
Doctoral experience
2,400 acceptable supervised clinical hours including 1,200 after the doctorate.
Education
Meet Act § 7(f)(2) and 49 Pa. Code §§ 49.1–49.2: a qualifying counseling or related-field doctorate, or a planned 60-semester/90-quarter-hour program including the required master’s degree. A master’s awarded after June 30, 2009 must have at least 48 semester/72 quarter hours; the earlier-degree alternative remains available.
Emac status
Section 49.11(a)(7) names NBCC’s Examination for Master Addictions Counselors (EMAC), absent from the frozen context. NBCC states: “NBCC is not accepting new MAC applications at this time.” That application notice does not establish whether the examination is offered separately for licensure or discontinued. The named examination and any prior score are retained as a condition without inventing a current exam or substituting NCE/NCMHCE.
Exam reporting
Apply to the testing organization, pay its fee, and direct official results to the Board; the Board determines the passing grade under § 49.11(b)–(d).
Experience duration
Complete experience in two to six years. The regulation specifies 500–1,800 credited hours annually; the Board’s November 2019 FAQ states that the annual minimum and maximum are waived.
Master experience
3,000 supervised clinical hours after the master’s degree under Act § 7(f)(3)(i). The Board FAQ preserves the earlier 48-semester/72-quarter-hour accrual rule for applicants who started accruing hours before October 27, 2018.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Music therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(4) accepts the CBMT Board Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is retained as a condition.
Psychology exam
Section 49.11(a)(5) names the NAMP practice examination of psychological knowledge. This examination of another profession is a condition; this survey does not assert it is currently offered or discontinued.
Supervision
Meet 49 Pa. Code §§ 49.3, 49.13 and 49.14: at least half the hours under a qualifying LPC supervisor; at least half the experience in specified therapeutic services; two supervision hours per 40 clinical hours, including an individual hour; qualified supervisors, required evaluations and records, and no prohibited relationships.
Unregistered addiction exam
Section 49.11(a)(6) accepts the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Counselor Examination (AAODA). Pennsylvania Certification Board currently offers the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor examination. The frozen nationwide context has no version for it; the alternative remains a condition with a registration gap.
Reactivation of an lapsed license
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Application
Submit reactivation request through PALS and applicable fees.
Continuing education
Show compliance with CE requirements for the preceding biennium.
Prior license
Previously held Pennsylvania LPC license is lapsed.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Reactivation after military deployment
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Meet renewal requirements, with up to six months after deployment for CE.
Deadline
Seek reactivation within one month after deployment ends; the Board may reactivate without penalty.
Prior license
License expired during deployment outside Pennsylvania.
Spouse
Also applies to a military spouse residing with the servicemember during deployment.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Renewal before military deployment
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing education
Up to six months after deployment to complete CE if all other renewal requirements are met; associate licenses remain limited to three renewals.
Deployment
Document qualifying deployment outside Pennsylvania; also applies to a military spouse residing with the servicemember during deployment.
Renewal
Submit all renewal requirements before deployment; processing occurs when the next renewal period opens.

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Restoration after a temporary suspension lacks prima facie support
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Hearing
A preliminary hearing finds no prima facie case supporting suspension; immediate restoration is prescribed.
Prior license
Existing license temporarily suspended under Act § 11(d).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-09-22.

Military applicant licensure with an education exception

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Art therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(3) accepts the ATCB Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is a condition rather than a counselor exam leaf under the contract.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Education exception
Board discretion under § 3303(a), using the Military Occupational Codes Crosswalk and equivalent military training under § 3304.
Emac status
Section 49.11(a)(7) names NBCC’s Examination for Master Addictions Counselors (EMAC), absent from the frozen context. NBCC states: “NBCC is not accepting new MAC applications at this time.” That application notice does not establish whether the examination is offered separately for licensure or discontinued. The named examination and any prior score are retained as a condition without inventing a current exam or substituting NCE/NCMHCE.
Military status
Document servicemember, veteran or military-spouse status.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Music therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(4) accepts the CBMT Board Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is retained as a condition.
Practice
At least two of the preceding five years of active practice; credit relevant military service and official duties.
Psychology exam
Section 49.11(a)(5) names the NAMP practice examination of psychological knowledge. This examination of another profession is a condition; this survey does not assert it is currently offered or discontinued.
Remaining requirements
Meet all other noneducational requirements and pass all otherwise-required examinations. A relocating military spouse has an initial fee waiver under § 3306.
Unregistered addiction exam
Section 49.11(a)(6) accepts the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Counselor Examination (AAODA). Pennsylvania Certification Board currently offers the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor examination. The frozen nationwide context has no version for it; the alternative remains a condition with a registration gap.
Licensure by reciprocity

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Art therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(3) accepts the ATCB Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is a condition rather than a counselor exam leaf under the contract.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Emac status
Section 49.11(a)(7) names NBCC’s Examination for Master Addictions Counselors (EMAC), absent from the frozen context. NBCC states: “NBCC is not accepting new MAC applications at this time.” That application notice does not establish whether the examination is offered separately for licensure or discontinued. The named examination and any prior score are retained as a condition without inventing a current exam or substituting NCE/NCMHCE.
Emergency authorization
Act § 10(b) separately permits Board-authorized relief practice without Pennsylvania licensure for at most 60 days during a declared emergency; it creates no additional credential.
Equivalent qualifications
Demonstrate qualifications equal to or exceeding the Act and Chapter 49 education and clinical-experience requirements.
Existing license
Hold a professional counselor license/certification in another state that grants reciprocal treatment to Pennsylvania licensees; submit licensure and disciplinary-history letters.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Music therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(4) accepts the CBMT Board Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is retained as a condition.
Psychology exam
Section 49.11(a)(5) names the NAMP practice examination of psychological knowledge. This examination of another profession is a condition; this survey does not assert it is currently offered or discontinued.
Score substitution
The Board accepts another-jurisdiction examination grades when its examination is similar and the score meets Pennsylvania’s passing standard. Another state’s own examination is a condition, never a Pennsylvania exam leaf.
Unregistered addiction exam
Section 49.11(a)(6) accepts the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Counselor Examination (AAODA). Pennsylvania Certification Board currently offers the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor examination. The frozen nationwide context has no version for it; the alternative remains a condition with a registration gap.
Reinstatement after revocation

At least one of the following alternatives:

Application
Submit the Board application, applicable fee, signed affirmation and required two recommendation certificates.
Art therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(3) accepts the ATCB Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is a condition rather than a counselor exam leaf under the contract.
Child abuse training
Complete three approved hours of child-abuse recognition and reporting training for initial licensure.
Clinical instruction
A 100-hour supervised practicum followed by 600-hour supervised internship; the Board’s November 2019 FAQ also states it accepts six semester/nine quarter hours of practicum/internship.
Coursework
Required coursework covers human development, social and cultural foundations, helping relationships, group work, career and lifestyle development, appraisal, research and program evaluation, professional orientation, and clinical instruction.
Doctoral experience
2,400 acceptable supervised clinical hours including 1,200 after the doctorate.
Education
Meet Act § 7(f)(2) and 49 Pa. Code §§ 49.1–49.2: a qualifying counseling or related-field doctorate, or a planned 60-semester/90-quarter-hour program including the required master’s degree. A master’s awarded after June 30, 2009 must have at least 48 semester/72 quarter hours; the earlier-degree alternative remains available.
Emac status
Section 49.11(a)(7) names NBCC’s Examination for Master Addictions Counselors (EMAC), absent from the frozen context. NBCC states: “NBCC is not accepting new MAC applications at this time.” That application notice does not establish whether the examination is offered separately for licensure or discontinued. The named examination and any prior score are retained as a condition without inventing a current exam or substituting NCE/NCMHCE.
Exam reporting
Apply to the testing organization, pay its fee, and direct official results to the Board; the Board determines the passing grade under § 49.11(b)–(d).
Experience duration
Complete experience in two to six years. The regulation specifies 500–1,800 credited hours annually; the Board’s November 2019 FAQ states that the annual minimum and maximum are waived.
Master experience
3,000 supervised clinical hours after the master’s degree under Act § 7(f)(3)(i). The Board FAQ preserves the earlier 48-semester/72-quarter-hour accrual rule for applicants who started accruing hours before October 27, 2018.
Moral character
Good moral character, with the individualized criminal-conviction assessment under 63 Pa.C.S. § 3113 and applicable licensing law.
Music therapy exam
Section 49.11(a)(4) accepts the CBMT Board Certification Examination. This examination of another profession is retained as a condition.
Psychology exam
Section 49.11(a)(5) names the NAMP practice examination of psychological knowledge. This examination of another profession is a condition; this survey does not assert it is currently offered or discontinued.
Supervision
Meet 49 Pa. Code §§ 49.3, 49.13 and 49.14: at least half the hours under a qualifying LPC supervisor; at least half the experience in specified therapeutic services; two supervision hours per 40 clinical hours, including an individual hour; qualified supervisors, required evaluations and records, and no prohibited relationships.
Unregistered addiction exam
Section 49.11(a)(6) accepts the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Counselor Examination (AAODA). Pennsylvania Certification Board currently offers the IC&RC Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor examination. The frozen nationwide context has no version for it; the alternative remains a condition with a registration gap.
Waiting period
At least five years after revocation; meet all licensing qualifications, including the examination requirement. Court-ordered relief is a separate case-specific exception.

CRC Examination

Provider
Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC); delivered by Pearson VUE
Format
Computer-based multiple-choice examination administered three times a year in testing windows, in two locked sections (Rehabilitation and Disability; Counseling) with conjunctive scoring
Exam questions
175 multiple-choice questions: 150 scored items and 25 field test questions
Time limit
210 minutes to complete the examination questions (3½ hours allotted; set aside 4 hours)
Passing score
Passing score required on both the Counseling part and the Rehabilitation and Disability part in a single administration
Exam fee
$420 certification fee; $275 reexamination fee
Examination outline
  • 1. Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice (10.7% of questions) (10.7%)
    • A. Uphold professional ethical standards for rehabilitation counselors and manage risk. [C] — a) Conceptualize and articulate the counseling relationship; b) Adhere to and ensure confidentiality, privileged communication, and privacy; c) Understand how to promote and participate in advocacy and ensure accessibility; d) Maintain professional roles to ensure appropriate service provision; e) Maintain appropriate relationships with other professionals; f) Understand the differing professional relationships in forensic and indirect services; g) Understand the ethical requirements of evaluation, assessment, and interpretation; h) Understand the ethical requirements in the roles of teaching, supervising, and training; i) Understand the ethical implications of research and publication; j) Understand the limits and ethical implications of the use of technology and distance counseling; k) Understand and ensure appropriate business practices; l) Understand and apply ethical decision-making models and processes.
    • B. Understand and apply laws and public policy affecting individuals with disabilities. [R] — a) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.; b) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 – Sections 501-504.; c) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended.; d) Understand the impact of SSI/SSDI on employment, independent living and economic self-sufficiency.; e) Understand the impact of veteran benefits (e.g., service-connected disability compensation and non-service-connected pension) on employment, independent living and economic self-sufficiency.; f) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of the Fair Labor Standards Act.; g) Understand the definition of a disability in ADA, the uses of the definition, and how the definition relates to the rights guaranteed by the ADA.; h) Understand the rights guaranteed by the ADA in an employment setting.; i) Understand the definition of a reasonable accommodation as defined by the ADA.; j) Understand the rights guaranteed by the ADA on public transportation.; k) Understand the changes to the definition of disability in the ADAAA, the changes to the interactive process, and the implications for employees and employers.; l) Understand the role of the EEOC in relation to discrimination.; m) Summarize and synthesize the impacts of IDEA.; n) Summarize and synthesize the historical impacts of WIA.; o) Understand the rights and limits guaranteed by FMLA.; p) Understand the confidentiality and technology requirements of HIPAA.; q) Understand the impact of TWWIIA (Ticket to Work) on employment, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.; r) Understand the impact and implications of WIOA on employment outcomes, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.
    • C. Advocate for diversity, understand, and apply appropriate services that address multicultural counseling issues. [C]
    • D. Understand and apply appropriate rehabilitation terminology and concepts. [R]
    • E. Understand and identify the differing professional roles, functions, and effective relationships with other providers and professionals. [C]
    • F. Understand the credentialing issues related to the rehabilitation counseling profession and advocate for appropriate solutions. [C]
    • G. Understand the differing organizational structures of rehabilitation counseling practice settings (e.g., public, private-for-profit, and not-for-profit service delivery systems). [R]
    • H. Understand, synthesize, and apply knowledge of historical and philosophical foundations of rehabilitation counseling. [R]
  • 2. Counseling Theories, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Practice (11.3% of questions) (11.3%)
    • A. Apply clinical problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. [C]
    • B. Understand rehabilitation techniques for individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • C. Understand individual counseling theories. [C] — a) Integrated/Eclectic; b) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy; c) Reality Therapy; d) Person-Centered; e) Psychoanalytic; f) Gestalt; g) Trait-factor/Person Environment Fit; h) Behavioral; i) Cognitive/Behavioral; j) Adlerian; k) Solution-Focused; l) Narrative; m) Feminist; n) Existential
    • D. Utilize individual counseling practices, interventions, and techniques. [C] — a) Systematic Desensitization; b) Behavior Analysis and Therapy; c) Social Skills; d) Time Management; e) Stress Management; f) Restructuring; g) Anger Management; h) Problem Solving Therapy; i) Person-centered practices; j) Mindfulness-based practices
    • E. Understand substance use and treatment. [C]
    • F. Establish and maintain effective working alliances with clients. [C]
    • G. Understand dual diagnosis and co-occurring disorders. [C]
    • H. Understand counseling/training to help clients develop workplace socialization skills. [R]
    • I. Demonstrate motivational interviewing use and skills. [C]
    • J. Facilitate treatment planning for clinical conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). [C]
    • K. Understand human growth and development. [C]
    • L. Apply evidence-based psychosocial/psychiatric rehabilitation interventions in rehabilitation counseling practice. [R]
    • M. Apply evidence-based vocational interventions in rehabilitation counseling practice. [R]
    • N. Apply or facilitate evidence-based counseling/therapy for clients with clinical diagnoses (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). [C]
    • O. Apply or facilitate evidence-based counseling/therapy for clients with substance use disorders. [C]
    • P. Understand theories and techniques of clinical supervision. [C]
    • Q. Recognize and utilize evidence and research-based practices. [C]
  • 3. Group and Family Counseling (4.7% of questions) (4.7%)
    • A. Understand family counseling theories. [C]
    • B. Incorporate family counseling practices and interventions. [C]
    • C. Understand group counseling theories. [C]
    • D. Incorporate group counseling practices and interventions. [C]
  • 4. Crisis and Trauma Counseling and Interventions (6.0% of questions) (6%)
    • A. Conduct assessment of client risk and development of a safety plan. [C]
    • B. Provide effective rehabilitation counseling services for individuals with polytrauma injuries. [C]
    • C. Understand the impact of crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events on people with disabilities. [C]
    • D. Use principles of crisis intervention for people with disabilities during crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events. [C]
    • E. Understand the emergency management system within rehabilitation agencies and in the community. [C]
  • 5. Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability (9.3% of questions) (9.3%)
    • A. Evaluate the psychosocial and cultural impact of disability. [R] — a) Individual adjustment to disability; b) Human sexuality and disability issues; c) Family or support system adjustment to disability
    • B. Understand medical terminology. [R]
    • C. Apply knowledge of the medical aspects and implications of various disabilities. [R] — a) Mental Functions; b) Sensory Functions and Pain; c) Voice and Speech Functions and Structures; d) Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory Functions and Structures; e) Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems and Structures; f) Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions and Structures; g) Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement Related Functions and Structures; h) Skin and Related Functions and Structures; i) Nervous System Structures; j) Eye, Ear, and Related Structures; k) Learning and Applying Knowledge; l) Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships; m) General Tasks and Demands; n) Communication; o) Mobility; p) Self-Care; q) Domestic-Life; r) Major Life Areas; s) Community, Social, and Civic Life
    • D. Review the implications of medications as they apply to individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • E. Address environmental and attitudinal barriers for individuals with disabilities. [R]
  • 6. Assessment/Evaluation, Occupational Analysis, and Service Implementation (10.7% of questions) (10.7%)
    • A. Understand the vocational implications of functional limitations associated with disabilities. [R] — a) Mental Functions; b) Sensory Functions and Pain; c) Voice and Speech Functions and Structures; d) Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory Functions and Structures; e) Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems and Structures; f) Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions and Structures; g) Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement Related Functions and Structures; h) Skin and Related Functions and Structures; i) Nervous System Structures; j) Eye, Ear, and Related Structures; k) Learning and Applying Knowledge; l) Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships; m) General Tasks and Demands; n) Communication; o) Mobility; p) Self-Care; q) Domestic-Life; r) Major Life Areas; s) Community, Social, and Civic Life
    • B. Access and review resources for the assessment process. [C] — a) Review of case materials for pertinent information; b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); c) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
    • C. Refer or conduct informal assessments. [C] — a) Interviews and initial assessments; b) Situational assessment/job shadowing/community-based work assessment
    • D. Refer or conduct formal assessments. [C] — a) Achievement Tests; b) Aptitude Tests; c) Intelligence Tests; d) Interest Inventories; e) Career, Work Values, and Maturity Tests; f) Personality Tests; g) Psychological/Neuropsychological Tests; h) Adaptive Behavior/Behavioral Observations; i) Mental Health Screeners; j) Learning Styles Tests; k) Ecological/Functional Capacity Evaluations; l) Dexterity Tests; m) Work Samples; n) Non-Cognitive Tests
    • E. Refer or perform Transferable Skills Analysis (e.g., VDARE). [C]
    • F. Interpret assessment results for rehabilitation planning purposes. [C]
    • G. Perform job analysis. [R]
    • H. Assess ergonomic, job accommodation, and assistive technology needs. [R]
    • I. Advise on job modification and restructuring techniques. [R]
    • J. Perform labor market analysis. [R] — a) Occupational and labor market information (e.g., DOT, ORS, O*NET, OOH, other national, regional, or local government labor market sources, private salary surveys); b) Methods and techniques used to conduct labor market surveys
    • K. Use computer-based job matching systems. [C]
  • 7. Career Development and Job Placement (9.3% of questions) (9.3%)
    • A. Understand, identify, and apply career development and job placement strategies. [R]
    • B. Understand, identify, and apply job readiness, seeking, and retention skills. [C]
    • C. Understand the unique needs of specialized populations in relation to job development and placement. [R]
    • D. Understand techniques to develop and retain relationships with employers to assist with job development and placement. [R]
    • E. Understand and identify evidence-based employment models and services tailored to individuals with significant disabilities and/or barriers to competitive employment. [R] — i) Supported Employment (SE); ii) Customized Employment (CE); iii) Individual Placement and Support (IPS); iv) Self-Employment
    • F. Understand the unique needs of individuals with a dual diagnosis in the workplace and apply appropriate strategies. [R]
    • G. Understand and apply theories of career development and work adjustment. [C] — a) Trait-Factor/Person Environment Fit theories.; b) Personality theories; c) Developmental/Self-Concept theories; d) Sociological/Self-Concept theories; e) Behavioral theories
    • H. Understand, identify, and facilitate the appropriate use of work conditioning or work hardening resources and strategies. [R]
    • I. Understand the effective use of and risks of social media as a networking tool. [C]
  • 8. Business Engagement (7.6% of questions) (7.6%)
    • A. Assist employers with job accommodations for their employees with disabilities (e.g., assistive technology, workspace modifications). [R]
    • B. Provide consultation services and training to employers / businesses concerning disability concepts, best practices, and applicable laws (e.g., hiring, return to work, reasonable accommodations, and retention). [R]
    • C. Partner with employers/businesses to address needs and concerns related to hiring and retaining individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • D. Understand, communicate, and apply business-focused strategies, techniques, and terminology to improve employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • E. Work with employers to develop pipelines for employing individuals with disabilities using work-based learning and training methods. [R] — a) Apprenticeships; b) Internships; c) On-the-job training (OJT)
    • F. Understand the dual customer role (e.g., employer and person with a disability). [R]
  • 9. Community Resources and Partnerships (8.0% of questions) (8%)
    • A. Understand the programs and services available for specific and underserved populations. [R]
    • B. Understand Social Security programs, benefits, work incentives, and disincentives. [R]
    • C. Possess knowledge of funding sources and community resources for rehabilitation services. [R]
    • D. Provide or facilitate skills development and independent living services. [R]
    • E. Provide or facilitate financial literacy training. [R]
    • F. Understand and refer to services available through client advocacy programs (e.g., Client Assistance Program [CAP], legal aid). [R]
    • G. Refer to and partner with one-stop career centers and other community stakeholders. [R]
    • H. Understand and facilitate life care planning and life care planning services. [R]
    • I. Advocate with community partners for full community inclusion for people with disabilities. [R]
    • J. Provide or facilitate counseling on the impact of employment on community services and benefits. [R]
  • 10. Case Management (10.0% of questions) (10%)
    • A. Understand and apply the case management process. [C] — a) Case finding; b) Planning; c) Service coordination; d) Referral to and utilization of other disciplines; e) Advocacy
    • B. Complete case recording and documentation. [C]
    • C. Understand and apply negotiation, mediation, and conflict resolution strategies. [C]
    • D. Understand and apply the principles of caseload management. [C]
    • E. Understand and address institutional and social barriers that impede access, equity, and success for clients. [C]
    • F. Apply techniques for working with individuals with limited English proficiency or varied communication methods. [C]
    • G. Understand and apply principles, models, and documentation formats for biopsychosocial case conceptualization and treatment planning. [C]
  • 11. Health Care and Disability Management (7.3% of questions) (7.3%)
    • A. Understand and provide appropriate medical intervention resources. [R]
    • B. Understand the diversity of healthcare benefits, delivery systems, and the impact of services on individuals with disabilities. [R]
    • C. Understand and collaborate with health promotion and wellness providers regarding strategies for people with chronic illness and disability. [R]
    • D. Understand different insurance programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid, group and individual, short-and long-term disability, personal injury no-fault liability). [R]
    • E. Understand and apply disability prevention and management strategies. [R]
    • F. Understand the variability of workers’ compensation laws and practices. [R]
  • 12. Research, Methodology, and Performance Management (5.3% of questions) (5.3%)
    • A. Understand statistics and psychometric concepts related to measurement. [C] — a) Validity; b) Reliability/ Standard Error of Measurement; c) Norms; d) Scaled and Standard Scores; e) Percentiles; f) Distributions/Bell Curve; g) Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Measurement
    • B. Understand research methods (e.g., surveys, case studies) and data analysis. [C]
    • C. Assess research literature related to evidence – based practice. [C] — a) Research databases (e.g., EBSCO, PsycINFO, MEDLINE); b) Ability to select between various levels of evidence-based research (e.g., subject matter experts to the systematic reviews and meta-analyses gold standard)
    • D. Comprehend concepts and principles of organizational development and stakeholder management. [C] — a) Effective management of services and programs, including areas such as administration, finance, benefit systems, and accountability; b) Strategic planning techniques and budget planning
    • E. Understand program evaluation procedures for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation services and outcomes. [R]
Examination sources

National Counselor Examination

Provider
National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC); administered through the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE) and delivered by Pearson VUE at test centers or online through OnVUE
Format
200-question, multiple-choice, non-sectioned examination; scored and unscored items appear in jumbled order; a different form is compiled for each administration
Exam questions
200 multiple-choice questions: 160 scored and 40 unscored field-test items
Time limit
225 minutes to complete the examination within a 255-minute test session (one scheduled 15-minute break after question #100)
Passing score
Criterion passing score set by a modified Angoff method and adjusted for each form by statistical equating; passing scores may vary slightly for each version
Examination outline
  • 1. Professional Practice and Ethics — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities related to maintaining proper administrative and clinical protocols. (12% of items; 19 scored items) (12%)
    • A. Assess your (the counselor) competency to work with a specific client
    • B. Understand statistical concepts and methods in research
    • C. Practice legal and ethical counseling
    • D. Clarify counselor–client roles
    • E. Discuss client’s rights and responsibilities
    • F. Discuss limits of confidentiality
    • G. Explain counselor agency policies
    • H. Review payment, fees, and insurance benefits
    • I. Explain counseling processes, procedures, risks, and benefits
    • J. Explain uses and limits of social media
    • K. Inform clients about the legal aspects of counseling
    • L. Obtain informed consent
    • M. Discuss confidentiality as it applies to electronic communication
    • N. Establish group rules, expectations, and termination criteria
    • O. Assess competency to provide informed consent
    • P. Monitor the therapeutic relationship and build trust as needed
    • Q. Review client records
    • R. Provide adequate accommodations for clients with disabilities
    • S. Provide information to third parties
    • T. Provide referral sources if counseling services are inadequate/ inappropriate
    • U. Advocate for professional and client issues
    • V. Seek supervision/consultation
    • W. Create and maintain documentation appropriate for each aspect of the counseling process
    • X. Awareness and practice of self-care
  • 2. Intake, Assessment, and Diagnosis — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively conduct client intake, assessment, and diagnosis. (12% of items; 19 scored items) (12%)
    • A. Conduct a biopsychosocial interview
    • B. Conduct a diagnostic interview
    • C. Conduct cultural formulation interview
    • D. Conduct an initial interview
    • E. Determine diagnosis
    • F. Perform a Mental Status Exam (MSE)
    • G. Consider co-occurring diagnoses
    • H. Determine level of care needed
    • I. Determine the appropriate modality of treatment
    • J. Assess the presenting problem and level of distress
    • K. Evaluate an individual’s level of mental health functioning
    • L. Screen clients for appropriate services
    • M. Select, use, and interpret appropriate assessment instruments
    • N. Use formal and informal observations
    • O. Assess for trauma
    • P. Assess substance use
    • Q. Obtain client self-reports
    • R. Evaluate interactional dynamics
    • S. Conduct ongoing assessment for at-risk behaviors (i.e., suicide, homicide, self/other injury, and relationship violence)
    • T. Use pre-test and post-test measures to assess outcomes
    • U. Evaluate counseling effectiveness
  • 3. Areas of Clinical Focus — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge and skills related to areas of clients’ concern(s). (29% of items; 47 scored items) (29%)
    • A. Adjustment related to physical loss/injury/medical condition
    • B. Aging/geriatric concerns
    • C. Behavioral problems
    • D. Bullying
    • E. Caregiving concerns
    • F. Cultural adjustments
    • G. End-of-life issues
    • H. Fear and panic
    • I. Financial issues
    • J. Gender identity development
    • K. Grief/loss
    • L. Hopelessness/depression
    • M. Loneliness/attachment
    • N. Hyper/hypo mental focus
    • O. Intellectual functioning issues
    • P. Insomnia/sleep issues
    • Q. Maladaptive eating behaviors
    • R. Remarriage/recommitment
    • S. Developmental processes/tasks/issues
    • T. Obsessive thoughts/behaviors
    • U. Occupation and career development
    • V. Physical issues related to anxiety
    • W. Physical issues related to depression
    • X. Physical/emotional issues related to trauma
    • Y. Process addictions (pornography, gambling)
    • Z. Racism/discrimination/oppression
    • AA. Religious values conflict
    • AB. Retirement concerns
    • AC. Ruminating and/or intrusive thoughts
    • AD. Separation from primary care givers
    • AE. Sexual functioning concerns
    • AF. Sleeping habits
    • AG. Spiritual/existential concerns
    • AH. Stress management
    • AI. Substance use/addiction issues
    • AJ. Suicidal thoughts/behaviors
    • AK. Terminal illness issues
    • AL. Visual/auditory hallucinations
    • AM. Worry and anxiety
    • AN. Adoption issues
    • AO. Blended family issues
    • AP. Child abuse-related concerns
    • AQ. Child development issues
    • AR. Dating/relationship problems
    • AS. Divorce
    • AT. Family abuse/violence (e.g., physical, sexual, emotional)
    • AU. Interpersonal partner violence concerns
    • AV. Marital/partner communication problems
    • AW. Parenting/co-parenting conflicts
    • AX. Emotional dysregulation
  • 4. Treatment Planning — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to develop an effective course of treatment. (9% of items; 14 scored items) (9%)
    • A. Collaborate with client to establish treatment goals and objectives
    • B. Establish short- and long-term counseling goals consistent with clients’ diagnoses
    • C. Identify barriers affecting client goal attainment
    • D. Identify strengths that improve the likelihood of goal attainment
    • E. Refer to different levels of treatment (e.g., outpatient, inpatient, residential, etc.)
    • F. Refer to others for concurrent treatment
    • G. Guide treatment planning
    • H. Discuss termination process and issues
    • I. Discuss transitions in group membership
    • J. Follow-up after discharge
    • K. Use assessment instrument results to facilitate client decision making
    • L. Review and revise the treatment plan
    • M. Engage clients in review of progress toward treatment goals
    • N. Collaborate with other providers and client support systems (documentation and report writing)
    • O. Discuss with clients the integration and maintenance of therapeutic progress
    • P. Educate client to the value of treatment plan compliance
  • 5. Counseling Skills and Interventions — This section encompasses counselors’ knowledge, skills, and abilities to conduct effective counseling. (30% of items; 48 scored items) (30%)
    • A. Align intervention with client’s developmental level
    • B. Align intervention with counseling modality (individual, couple, family, or group)
    • C. Align intervention with client population (e.g., veterans, minorities, disenfranchised, disabled)
    • D. Implement individual counseling in relation to a plan of treatment
    • E. Establish therapeutic alliance
    • F. Apply theory-based counseling intervention(s)
    • G. Address addiction issues
    • H. Address cultural considerations
    • I. Address family composition and cultural considerations
    • J. Evaluate and explain systemic patterns of interaction
    • K. Explore family member interaction
    • L. Explore religious and spiritual values
    • M. Guide clients in the development of skills or strategies for dealing with their problems
    • N. Help clients develop support systems
    • O. Help facilitate clients’ motivation to make the changes they desire
    • P. Improve interactional patterns
    • Q. Provide crisis intervention
    • R. Educate client about transference and defense mechanisms
    • S. Facilitate trust and safety
    • T. Build communication skills
    • U. Develop conflict resolution strategies
    • V. Develop safety plans
    • W. Facilitate systemic change
    • X. Provide distance counseling or telemental health
    • Y. Provide education resources (e.g., stress management, assertiveness training, divorce adjustment)
    • Z. Provide psychoeducation for client
    • AA. Summarize
    • AB. Reframe/redirect
    • AC. Facilitate empathic responses
    • AD. Use self-disclosure
    • AE. Use constructive confrontation
    • AF. Facilitate awareness of here-and-now interactions
    • AG. Facilitate resolution of interpersonal conflict
    • AH. Use linking and blocking in a group context
    • AI. Management of leader–member dynamics
    • AJ. Model giving and receiving of feedback
    • AK. Address impact of extended families
    • AL. Contain and manage intense feelings
    • AM. Explore the influence of family of origin patterns and themes
    • AN. Address the impact of social support network
    • AO. Use “structured” activities
    • AP. Promote and encourage interactions among group members
    • AQ. Promote and encourage interactions with the group leader
    • AR. Use psychoeducation as a part of the group process
    • AS. Explain phases in the group process
    • AT. Identify and discuss group themes and patterns
    • AU. Create intervention based on the stage of group development
    • AV. Challenge harmful group member behaviors
    • AW. Address the potential interaction of members outside of the group
  • 6. Core Counseling Attributes — This section encompasses behaviors, traits, and dispositions of effective counselors. (8% of items; 13 scored items) (8%)
    • A. Awareness of self and impact on clients
    • B. Genuineness
    • C. Congruence
    • D. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to gender orientation and gender issues
    • E. Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to multicultural issues
    • F. Demonstrate conflict tolerance and resolution
    • G. Empathic attunement
    • H. Empathic responding
    • I. Foster the emergence of group therapeutic factors
    • J. Non-judgmental stance
    • K. Positive regard
    • L. Respect and acceptance for diversity
    • M. Use foundational listening, attending, and reflecting skills
Examination sources