OpenExamsFREE PRACTICE — ANY EXAM

Montana Occupational Therapy — Requirements & Free Practice

US-MT · License preparation

605 free questions · Answer explanations · No signup required

Choose what to practice

Start with an exam below. Your examination requirements depend on your application pathway. View licensing requirements

Choose an exam or combined practice to begin.

Licenses, application pathways and examination requirements

Each license and applicant pathway has its own requirements and exemptions. Choosing practice questions does not determine your eligibility.

Occupational Therapist License

Montana license to practice occupational therapy as an occupational therapist, issued under Title 37, Chapter 24, MCA by the Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals (successor of the Board of Occupational Therapy Practice since January 1, 2026).

Licensing authority: Montana Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals · Application information

Licensure by endorsement
OTR exam
Board Checklist Alternative
The Board's Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy (7/13/2026), a lower-ranked source, lists an "Out-of-state license" ("Current, active, in good standing from a state or jurisdiction substantially equivalent to Montana.") as an alternative to NBCOT certification and passage of the NBCOT exam; 37-24-303(1)(c) and (d), MCA require NBCOT certification and the board-prescribed examination for every licensure applicant, so the examination remains mounted.
Non Equivalent Jurisdiction
If the other jurisdiction is not substantially equivalent, the board determines whether the deficiency can be addressed by the applicant's actual qualifications and work experience (37-1-304(2), MCA).
Other Licenses
Verification of all current, previous and expired licenses in any profession from other states or jurisdictions (Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy, 7/13/2026).
Out Of State License
An active occupational therapist license in good standing from a jurisdiction whose license qualifications are substantially equivalent to Montana's (37-1-304(1), MCA); the board adopts by reference its 2025 substantial equivalency list, and applications from listed states are routine as to the education, examination and experience requirements (NEW RULE 9, MAR 2026-148.1).
Licensure by examination
OTR exam
Application And Fee
Online application with the original application fee of $190 (NEW RULE 4(2)(a), MAR 2026-148.1).
Education
Completion of the academic requirements of an educational program recognized by the board for the occupational therapist license (37-24-303(1)(a), MCA; ARM 24.119.806 recognizes programs approved or recognized by the American Occupational Therapy Association or the American Society of Hand Therapists).
Military Training
Relevant military training, service or education is accepted toward the licensure requirements under 37-1-145, MCA.
Nbcot Certification
Evidence of certification by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) (37-24-303(1)(c), MCA); the board adopts the NBCOT examination and pass/fail criteria and the applicant must have NBCOT forward the NBCOT OTR (Occupational Therapist Registered) examination score directly to the board (ARM 24.119.803).
Other Licenses
Verification of all current, previous and expired licenses in any profession from other states or jurisdictions (Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy, 7/13/2026).
Supervised Fieldwork
Supervised fieldwork experience of at least 6 months arranged by the educational institution or a nationally recognized professional association (37-24-303(1)(b) and (2), MCA).
Inactive to active conversion
OTR exam
Alternative Continuing Education
or completion of at least six hours of continuing education within the six months before converting if the licensee has not practiced occupational therapy for more than two years (ARM 24.119.420(5)(b)),
Alternative Examination
or repassage of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy examination (ARM 24.119.420(5)(c)); the examination is one of three alternatives and is not required of a licensee who satisfies (5)(a) or (5)(b).
Alternative Full Time Practice
Either full-time practice of occupational therapy in another state and completion of continuing education for each year of inactive status substantially equivalent to Montana's (ARM 24.119.420(5)(a)),
Fee
Conversion to active status fee of $60 (NEW RULE 4(2)(d)(i), MAR 2026-148.1).
Inactive License
Holds a Montana license placed on inactive status (ARM 24.119.420(1)-(3), MAR 2026-148.1); inactive licensees renew annually and may not practice in Montana.
Renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing Education
10 hours of continuing education annually, or maintenance of current NBCOT certification, beginning after the first renewal (NEW RULE 11, MAR 2026-148.1).
Late Renewal
A lapsed or expired license may be renewed within two years after the renewal date with the late penalty fee; after two years the license terminates and a new original license must be obtained through an initial licensure route (37-1-141(3)-(8), MCA).
Renewal
Annual renewal by June 15: submit the renewal form, comply with certification and continuing education requirements and pay the renewal fee (37-1-141(2), MCA; Board License Information page).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-01-01.

Occupational Therapy Assistant License

Montana license to practice as an occupational therapy assistant, issued under Title 37, Chapter 24, MCA by the Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals.

Licensing authority: Montana Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals · Application information

Licensure by endorsement
COTA Certification Exam
Board Checklist Alternative
The Board's Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy (7/13/2026), a lower-ranked source, lists an "Out-of-state license" ("Current, active, in good standing from a state or jurisdiction substantially equivalent to Montana.") as an alternative to NBCOT certification and passage of the NBCOT exam; 37-24-303(1)(c) and (d), MCA require NBCOT certification and the board-prescribed examination for every licensure applicant, so the examination remains mounted.
Non Equivalent Jurisdiction
If the other jurisdiction is not substantially equivalent, the board determines whether the deficiency can be addressed by the applicant's actual qualifications and work experience (37-1-304(2), MCA).
Other Licenses
Verification of all current, previous and expired licenses in any profession from other states or jurisdictions (Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy, 7/13/2026).
Out Of State License
An active occupational therapy assistant license in good standing from a jurisdiction whose license qualifications are substantially equivalent to Montana's (37-1-304(1), MCA); the board adopts by reference its 2025 substantial equivalency list, and applications from listed states are routine as to the education, examination and experience requirements (NEW RULE 9, MAR 2026-148.1).
Licensure by examination
COTA Certification Exam
Application And Fee
Online application with the original application fee of $190 (NEW RULE 4(2)(a), MAR 2026-148.1).
Education
Completion of the academic requirements of an educational program recognized by the board for the occupational therapy assistant license (37-24-303(1)(a), MCA; ARM 24.119.806 recognizes programs approved or recognized by the American Occupational Therapy Association or the American Society of Hand Therapists).
Military Training
Relevant military training, service or education is accepted toward the licensure requirements under 37-1-145, MCA.
Nbcot Certification
Evidence of certification by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) (37-24-303(1)(c), MCA); the board adopts the NBCOT examination and pass/fail criteria and the applicant must have NBCOT forward the NBCOT COTA (Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant) examination score directly to the board (ARM 24.119.803).
Other Licenses
Verification of all current, previous and expired licenses in any profession from other states or jurisdictions (Licensure Checklist for Occupational Therapy, 7/13/2026).
Supervised Fieldwork
Supervised fieldwork experience of at least 2 months arranged by the educational institution or a nationally recognized professional association (37-24-303(1)(b) and (2), MCA).
Inactive to active conversion
COTA Certification Exam
Alternative Continuing Education
or completion of at least six hours of continuing education within the six months before converting if the licensee has not practiced occupational therapy for more than two years (ARM 24.119.420(5)(b)),
Alternative Examination
or repassage of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy examination (ARM 24.119.420(5)(c)); the examination is one of three alternatives and is not required of a licensee who satisfies (5)(a) or (5)(b).
Alternative Full Time Practice
Either full-time practice of occupational therapy in another state and completion of continuing education for each year of inactive status substantially equivalent to Montana's (ARM 24.119.420(5)(a)),
Fee
Conversion to active status fee of $60 (NEW RULE 4(2)(d)(i), MAR 2026-148.1).
Inactive License
Holds a Montana license placed on inactive status (ARM 24.119.420(1)-(3), MAR 2026-148.1); inactive licensees renew annually and may not practice in Montana.
Renewal
No examination is required for this applicant pathway.
Continuing Education
10 hours of continuing education annually, or maintenance of current NBCOT certification, beginning after the first renewal (NEW RULE 11, MAR 2026-148.1).
Late Renewal
A lapsed or expired license may be renewed within two years after the renewal date with the late penalty fee; after two years the license terminates and a new original license must be obtained through an initial licensure route (37-1-141(3)-(8), MCA).
Renewal
Annual renewal by June 15: submit the renewal form, comply with certification and continuing education requirements and pay the renewal fee (37-1-141(2), MCA; Board License Information page).

Official no-examination sources

Effective from 2026-01-01.

Occupational Therapist Provisional License

Provisional license for occupational therapy course graduates who meet the qualifications for licensure and are waiting to sit for the national examination; it replaces the former temporary practice permit (37-1-305, MCA, repealed in 2025).

Licensing authority: Montana Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals · Application information

Provisional pending examination
OTR exam
Application Form Terminology
The Board-hosted application form (revised 07/12/2024) still calls this credential a "temporary practice permit"; 37-1-305, MCA, which provided temporary practice permits, was repealed in 2025 and the rule now provides a provisional license.
Fee
Provisional license fee of $120 in addition to the application fee (NEW RULE 4(2)(c), MAR 2026-148.1).
Graduate
Graduate of an occupational therapy course for the occupational therapist license who is waiting to sit for the national examination and meets every other qualification for licensure (NEW RULE 10, MAR 2026-148.1; 37-1-144(1)(a), MCA).
Issued Before Examination
The provisional license is issued before the examination is passed; it is valid until the holder fails the first examination for which they are eligible after issuance, or passes and is granted a license (NEW RULE 10).
Prior Failure
Applicants who have previously taken the national examination and failed are not eligible (NEW RULE 10).
Supervision
Provisional license holders work under the routine supervision of a certified occupational therapy assistant or an occupational therapist (ARM 24.119.805(4), MAR 2026-148.1).
Transcripts
Official transcripts sent directly from the applicant's school (NEW RULE 10).
Provisional pending examination
COTA Certification Exam
Application Form Terminology
The Board-hosted application form (revised 07/12/2024) still calls this credential a "temporary practice permit"; 37-1-305, MCA, which provided temporary practice permits, was repealed in 2025 and the rule now provides a provisional license.
Fee
Provisional license fee of $120 in addition to the application fee (NEW RULE 4(2)(c), MAR 2026-148.1).
Graduate
Graduate of an occupational therapy course for the occupational therapy assistant license who is waiting to sit for the national examination and meets every other qualification for licensure (NEW RULE 10, MAR 2026-148.1; 37-1-144(1)(a), MCA).
Issued Before Examination
The provisional license is issued before the examination is passed; it is valid until the holder fails the first examination for which they are eligible after issuance, or passes and is granted a license (NEW RULE 10).
Prior Failure
Applicants who have previously taken the national examination and failed are not eligible (NEW RULE 10).
Supervision
Provisional license holders work under the routine supervision of a certified occupational therapy assistant or an occupational therapist (ARM 24.119.805(4), MAR 2026-148.1).
Transcripts
Official transcripts sent directly from the applicant's school (NEW RULE 10).

OTR exam

Format
Three- and four-option single-response multiple-choice items and six-option multi-select scenario sets
Exam questions
180 items
Examination outline
  • Domain 1 — Evaluation and Assessment: Acquire information regarding factors that influence occupational performance on an ongoing basis throughout the occupational therapy process. (23%)
    • Task 1: Identify the influence of development and lived experience; body functions and body structures; values, beliefs, and spirituality; and identity on occupational performance.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Impact of typical development and aging on occupational performance, health, and wellness across the life span.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Expected patterns, progressions, and prognoses associated with conditions that limit occupational performance. Examples include signs and symptoms of disease; stages of disease; secondary complications.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Impact of body functions and body structures on occupational performance. Examples include cognitive impairments; congenital anomalies.
    • Task 1 knowledge 4: Influence of lived experiences and identity on occupational performance. Examples include history of trauma and adverse childhood events; socioeconomic status; gender, race, culture, religion.
    • Task 2: Assess a client’s functional skills, roles, prioritized needs and wants, and performance context to evaluate their occupational performance.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Resources and considerations for acquiring information about the client’s current condition and occupational performance. Examples include referrals; client records; developmental history; Individualized Education Program (IEP) plans; theoretical approach and frame of reference.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Administration, purpose, indications, advantages, and limitations of standardized and nonstandardized screening and assessment tools. Examples include criterion-referenced tests; norm-referenced tests; client and caregiver interviews; observation.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Internal and external factors influencing a client’s engagement in occupation. Examples include roles, habits, routines, and rituals; environmental context; family and social supports; medication side effects and interactions; mental health.
    • Task 3: Perform an activity analysis to determine the influence of task demands, current conditions, performance skills, and context on occupation.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Task requirements, steps to task completion, and task demands across contexts or settings.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Personal and environmental factors that facilitate or inhibit task completion or occupational engagement. Examples include compensation patterns; role of performance context; influence of current conditions.
  • Domain 2 — Analysis, Interpretation, and Planning: Formulate conclusions regarding client needs and priorities to develop and monitor an intervention plan throughout the occupational therapy process. (23%)
    • Task 1: Synthesize assessment results to determine eligibility for services and establish a client-centered intervention plan.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Interpretation and analysis of quantitative assessments. Examples include statistical terminology; scoring; limitations of scores; client reactions to testing.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Interpretation of qualitative findings. Examples include occupational profile; outcomes of needs assessment; results from interviews or observations.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Integration and application of quantitative assessment results and qualitative findings to guide critical decision-making and prioritize needs.
    • Task 2: Collaborate with the client, the client’s relevant others, occupational therapy colleagues, and other professionals using a client-centered approach and therapeutic use of self to manage occupational therapy services.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Roles and responsibilities among interprofessional teams when coordinating client care and providing services. Examples include referral to and consultation with other services; interprofessional communication methods; scope of practice.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Processes for managing interprofessional intervention plans. Examples include Individualized Education Program (IEP) plans; discharge plans; transition plans; palliative and hospice care plans.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Client-centered approaches and considerations for coordinating occupational therapy services. Examples include therapeutic use of self; advocacy; frequency/duration of intervention; level of service delivery.
    • Task 2 knowledge 4: Factors used to prioritize intervention goals and activities in collaboration with the client and family, teacher, caregiver, and relevant others. Examples include client-reported outcomes; level of support required; context of service delivery; progress toward goals.
    • Task 2 knowledge 5: Strategies for addressing and enhancing health literacy with the client and relevant others. Examples include caregiver training; teaching-learning models; methods for making health information accessible; informed decision-making; navigating challenges to professional expertise.
    • Task 3: Monitor and modify the intervention plan, approach, context, and goals on an ongoing basis using clinical reasoning.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Factors for determining and managing context and activities to meet individual and group intervention goals and objectives. Examples include client needs and priorities; response to intervention.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Strategies for monitoring the effectiveness of individual and group interventions. Examples include client-reported outcomes; reevaluation results; progress toward goals.
    • Task 3 knowledge 3: Clinical decision-making for assessing and adapting the intervention plan and prioritizing goals based on client response to intervention. Examples include physiological changes; behavioral reactions; emotion regulation; developmental needs.
    • Task 3 knowledge 4: Precautions or contraindications associated with a client’s condition or stage of recovery. Examples include postsurgical precautions; vital signs; laboratory values; suicidal ideation.
  • Domain 3 — Select and Manage Interventions: Select and implement interventions for managing a client-centered plan throughout the occupational therapy process. (38%)
    • Task 1: Incorporate preparatory techniques, activities, and modalities as an adjunct to interventions to promote healing and enhance engagement in occupation-based activities.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Considerations for selecting, preparing, and adapting the intervention technique to support optimal engagement and promote goal achievement. Examples include client condition; client safety.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Considerations for selecting, preparing, and adapting the intervention environment to support optimal engagement and promote goal achievement. Examples include ensuring privacy during telehealth sessions; equipment safety; line management.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Indications, contraindications, and precautions associated with wound management and maintaining skin integrity. Examples include stage of wound healing; prevention and management of pressure ulcers.
    • Task 1 knowledge 4: Indications, contraindications, precautions, and clinical application of superficial thermal agents. Examples include dry whirlpool; hot packs; cryotherapy.
    • Task 1 knowledge 5: Indications, contraindications, precautions, and clinical application of deep thermal, mechanical, and electrotherapeutic physical agent modalities. Examples include transcutaneous and neuromuscular electrical stimulation; biofeedback.
    • Task 2: Implement occupation-based strategies to support participation in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), health management, rest and sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation across the life span.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Interventions for supporting leisure and play.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Methods for grading an activity, task, or technique based on level of development, client status, response to intervention, and client needs.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Considerations for facilitating individual and group participation in shared activities. Examples include group processes; group dynamics; group type and function.
    • Task 2 knowledge 4: Interventions to support cognitive, visual-motor, visual, and perceptual processing and sensory arousal. Examples include sensory modulation; proprioceptive input; vestibular strategies; low vision strategies.
    • Task 2 knowledge 5: Compensatory and remedial strategies for managing cognitive and perceptual deficits or developmental disabilities. Examples include graded cueing; chaining; metacognition; memory aids.
    • Task 2 knowledge 6: Adaptive and preventive strategies for supporting optimal engagement in occupation. Examples include use of technology/apps; joint protection; task simplification; energy conservation.
    • Task 2 knowledge 7: Intervention strategies and techniques used to facilitate oral motor skills for drinking, eating, and swallowing. Examples include hand-to-mouth patterns; mastication; adaptive utensils; positioning at mealtime.
    • Task 2 knowledge 8: Prevocational, vocational, and transitional services, options, and resources for supporting strengths, interests, employment, and lifestyle goals across the life span.
    • Task 2 knowledge 9: Strategies, techniques, and client-centered education to facilitate functional transfers.
    • Task 2 knowledge 10: Strategies for promoting wellness and mental health. Examples include relaxation; sleep hygiene; addiction management.
    • Task 3: Select and implement interventions for improving sensory, motor, neurological, and physiological status, considering client condition and current stage of recovery, to support occupational performance.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Methods for grading therapeutic exercise and conditioning programs consistent with indications and precautions.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Techniques for sensory and motor reeducation, pain management, desensitization, edema reduction, and scar management. Examples include manual edema mobilization; nerve gliding; neuromuscular reeducation; constraint-induced movement.
    • Task 3 knowledge 3: Techniques for promoting improved postural stability, dynamic balance, body mechanics, and breathing patterns during functional tasks.
    • Task 4: Select, fabricate, and modify orthotic devices, and provide training in the use of orthotic and prosthetic devices to support functional outcomes.
    • Task 4 knowledge 1: Types and functions of immobilization, mobilization, and restriction orthoses for managing specific conditions and congenital anomalies across the life span.
    • Task 4 knowledge 2: Types and functions of prosthetic devices for upper and lower extremity amputations.
    • Task 4 knowledge 3: Implications of anatomical, physiological, biomechanical, cognitive, and socioeconomic factors and healing principles for orthotic selection, design, fabrication, and modification.
    • Task 4 knowledge 4: Client-centered education and training methods for the safe and effective use of orthotic and prosthetic devices.
    • Task 5: Select assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment to enable participation in occupation.
    • Task 5 knowledge 1: Factors related to measuring, selecting, monitoring the fit of, and recommending modifications to seating systems, positioning devices, and mobility aids. Examples include equipment components; biomechanical considerations; usability and maintenance.
    • Task 5 knowledge 2: Types, characteristics, and features of high- and low-tech assistive technology and adaptive devices. Examples include interface options and processor parameters; equipment components.
    • Task 5 knowledge 3: Mobility options, vehicle adaptations, and alternative devices for supporting participation in community mobility. Examples include adapted driving controls; wheelchair tie downs; alternative transportation options; dynamic mobile standers; navigation apps.
    • Task 5 knowledge 4: Client factors influencing successful use and maintenance of assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment. Examples include developmental, physical, functional, cognitive, and mental health status; prioritized needs.
    • Task 5 knowledge 5: Client-centered education and training methods for successful use and maintenance of assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment.
    • Task 6: Recommend environmental modifications, while considering accessibility guidelines, standards, and legislation, to support participation in occupation consistent with client needs and status, task demands, and context.
    • Task 6 knowledge 1: Principles of ergonomics and universal design for identifying, recommending, and implementing features and reasonable accommodations in the workplace, home, and virtual and public spaces.
    • Task 6 knowledge 2: Processes and procedures for identifying, recommending, and implementing modifications in the workplace, home, and virtual and public spaces.
  • Domain 4 — Competency and Practice Management: Manage professional activities of self and relevant others as guided by evidence, regulatory compliance, and standards of practice to promote quality care. (16%)
    • Task 1: Employ evidence-based strategies and approaches to provide safe, effective, and efficient services relevant to individuals, groups, and populations.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Methods for locating, reviewing, interpreting, and critically appraising scholarly research to guide practice-relevant decision-making. Examples include defining a clinical question; determining the clinical bottom line.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Methods for applying continuous quality improvement processes and procedures to occupational therapy service delivery. Examples include program evaluation; outcome measures.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Evidence-based programming for advancing population health outcomes. Examples include aging in place; fall prevention; health and wellness; community support groups.
    • Task 2: Incorporate risk management techniques at the individual and practice-setting levels to protect clients, self, staff, and others from injury or harm.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Infection control procedures and universal precautions for reducing transmission of contaminants. Examples include PPE; isolation precautions; cleaning equipment.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Responses to adverse reactions, minor injuries, and emergency situations. Examples include minor burns and cuts; seizures; diabetic reactions.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Preventive measures for minimizing risk and promoting safety. Examples include proper body mechanics; safety data sheet (SDS); standard operating procedures; equipment maintenance; emergency preparedness; personal safety in the client’s environment.
    • Task 2 knowledge 4: Strategies and resources to prevent professional burnout. Examples include assessment of personal needs; self-advocacy regarding workload; stress management.
    • Task 3: Provide occupational therapy services in accordance with laws, regulations, state occupational therapy practice acts, and accreditation guidelines to protect consumers and meet applicable reimbursement requirements related to the service delivery setting.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Application of federal regulations, state practice acts, facility policies, and accreditation guidelines related to service delivery across occupational therapy practice settings. Examples include health care legislation; accreditation organizations; licensing and credentialing; supervisory role under state practice acts.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Influence of reimbursement policies and guidelines on occupational therapy service delivery.
    • Task 3 knowledge 3: Accountability processes and procedures for justifying, tracking, and monitoring outcomes. Examples include relevant practice terminology; documentation guidelines.
    • Task 4: Engage in professional development and competency assessment activities relevant to the job role, practice setting, scope of practice, and professional certification standards.
    • Task 4 knowledge 1: Methods for identifying, documenting, and monitoring service competency and professional development needs. Examples include competency self-assessment; mentoring.
    • Task 4 knowledge 2: Application of ethical decision-making and professional behaviors guided by the NBCOT Practice Standards and Code of Conduct.
Examination sources

COTA Certification Exam

Format
Three- and four-option single-response multiple-choice items and six-option multi-select items
Exam questions
190 items
Examination outline
  • Domain 1 — Collaborate and Gather Information: Under the supervision of the OTR, acquire information on an ongoing basis regarding factors that influence occupational performance. (27%)
    • Task 1: Recognize the influence of development and lived experience; body functions and body structures; values, beliefs, and spirituality; and identity on occupational performance.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Impact of typical development and aging on occupational performance, health, and wellness across the life span.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Expected patterns, progressions, and prognoses associated with conditions that limit occupational performance. Examples include signs and symptoms of disease; stages of disease; secondary complications.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Impact of body functions and body structures on occupational performance. Examples include cognitive impairments; congenital anomalies.
    • Task 1 knowledge 4: Influence of lived experiences and identity on occupational performance. Examples include history of trauma and adverse childhood events; socioeconomic status; gender, race, culture, religion.
    • Task 2: Acquire information about a client’s functional skills, roles, prioritized needs and wants, and performance context to inform the development of and updates to an occupational profile.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Resources for acquiring information about the client’s current condition and occupational performance. Examples include referrals; client records; developmental history; Individualized Education Program (IEP) plans.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Purpose, advantages, limitations, and service competency needs related to the administration of standardized and nonstandardized assessments and screening methods. Examples include criterion-referenced tests; norm-referenced tests; client and caregiver interviews; observation.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Internal and external factors influencing a client’s engagement in occupation. Examples include roles, habits, routines, and rituals; environmental context; family and social supports; medication side effects and interactions; mental health.
    • Task 3: Perform an activity analysis to determine the influence of task demands, current conditions, performance skills, and context on occupation.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Task requirements, steps to task completion, and task demands across contexts or settings.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Personal and environmental factors that facilitate or inhibit task completion or occupational engagement. Examples include compensation patterns; role of performance context; influence of current conditions.
    • Task 4: Collaborate with the client, the client’s relevant others, occupational therapy colleagues, and other professionals using a client-centered approach and therapeutic use of self to provide quality occupational therapy services.
    • Task 4 knowledge 1: Roles and responsibilities among interprofessional teams when coordinating client care and providing services. Examples include referral to and consultation with other services; interprofessional communication methods; scope of practice.
    • Task 4 knowledge 2: Processes for supporting interprofessional intervention plans. Examples include Individualized Education Program (IEP) plans; discharge plans; transition plans; palliative and hospice care plans.
    • Task 4 knowledge 3: Client-centered approaches and considerations for coordinating occupational therapy services. Examples include therapeutic use of self; advocacy; frequency/duration of intervention; level of service delivery.
    • Task 4 knowledge 4: Factors used to prioritize intervention goals and activities in collaboration with the client and family, teacher, caregiver, and relevant others. Examples include client-reported outcomes; level of support required; context of service delivery; progress toward goals.
    • Task 4 knowledge 5: Strategies for addressing and enhancing health literacy with the client and relevant others. Examples include caregiver training; teaching-learning models; methods for making health information accessible; informed decision-making; navigating challenges to professional expertise.
    • Task 5: Monitor the intervention plan, approach, context, and goals on an ongoing basis, in collaboration with the OTR, using clinical reasoning.
    • Task 5 knowledge 1: Factors for determining and managing context and activities to meet individual and group intervention goals and objectives. Examples include client needs and priorities; response to intervention.
    • Task 5 knowledge 2: Strategies for monitoring the effectiveness of individual and group intervention. Examples include client-reported outcomes; reevaluation results; progress toward goals.
    • Task 5 knowledge 3: Clinical decision-making for prioritizing goals and implementing modifications to the intervention plan based on client responses, under the supervision of the OTR. Examples include physiological changes; behavioral reactions; emotion regulation; developmental needs.
    • Task 5 knowledge 4: Precautions or contraindications associated with a client condition or stage of recovery. Examples include postsurgical precautions; vital signs; laboratory values; suicidal ideation.
  • Domain 2 — Select and Implement Interventions: Implement interventions, under the supervision of the OTR, in accordance with the intervention plan and level of service competence to support client participation in areas of occupation throughout the occupational therapy process. (55%)
    • Task 1: Incorporate preparatory techniques, activities, and modalities as an adjunct to interventions to promote healing and enhance engagement in occupation-based activities.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Considerations for selecting, preparing, and adapting the intervention technique to support optimal engagement and promote goal achievement. Examples include client condition; client safety; theoretical approach and frame of reference.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Considerations for selecting, preparing, and adapting the intervention environment to support optimal engagement and promote goal achievement. Examples include ensuring privacy during telehealth sessions; equipment safety; line management.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Indications, contraindications, and precautions associated with wounds and maintaining skin integrity. Examples include stage of wound healing; prevention and management of pressure ulcers.
    • Task 1 knowledge 4: Indications, contraindications, precautions, and clinical application of superficial thermal agents. Examples include dry whirlpool; hot packs; cryotherapy.
    • Task 1 knowledge 5: Indications, contraindications, precautions, and clinical application of deep thermal, mechanical, and electrotherapeutic physical agent modalities. Examples include transcutaneous and neuromuscular electrical stimulation; biofeedback.
    • Task 2: Implement occupation-based strategies to support participation in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), health management, rest and sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation across the life span.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Interventions for supporting leisure and play.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Methods for grading an activity, task, or technique based on level of development, client status, response to intervention, and client needs.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Considerations for facilitating individual and group participation in shared activities. Examples include group processes; group dynamics; group type and function.
    • Task 2 knowledge 4: Interventions to support cognitive, visual-motor, visual, and perceptual processing and sensory arousal. Examples include sensory modulation; proprioceptive input; vestibular strategies; low vision strategies.
    • Task 2 knowledge 5: Compensatory and remedial strategies for managing cognitive and perceptual deficits or developmental disabilities. Examples include graded cueing; chaining; metacognition; memory aids.
    • Task 2 knowledge 6: Adaptive and preventive strategies for supporting optimal engagement in occupation. Examples include use of technology/apps; joint protection; task simplification; energy conservation.
    • Task 2 knowledge 7: Intervention strategies and techniques used to facilitate oral motor skills for drinking, eating, and swallowing. Examples include hand-to-mouth patterns; mastication; adaptive utensils; positioning at mealtime.
    • Task 2 knowledge 8: Prevocational, vocational, and transitional services, options, and resources for supporting strengths, interests, employment, and lifestyle goals across the life span.
    • Task 2 knowledge 9: Strategies, techniques, and client-centered education to facilitate functional transfers.
    • Task 2 knowledge 10: Strategies for promoting wellness and mental health. Examples include relaxation; sleep hygiene; addiction management.
    • Task 3: Implement interventions for improving sensory, motor, neurological, and physiological status, considering client condition and current stage of recovery, to support occupational performance.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Methods for grading therapeutic exercise and conditioning programs consistent with indications and precautions.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Techniques for sensory and motor reeducation, pain management, desensitization, edema reduction, and scar management. Examples include manual edema mobilization; nerve gliding; neuromuscular reeducation; constraint-induced movement.
    • Task 3 knowledge 3: Techniques for promoting improved postural stability, dynamic balance, body mechanics, and breathing patterns during functional tasks.
    • Task 4: Select, fabricate, and modify orthotic devices, and provide training in the use of orthotic and prosthetic devices in order to support functional outcomes.
    • Task 4 knowledge 1: Types and functions of immobilization, mobilization, and restriction orthoses for managing specific conditions and congenital anomalies across the life span.
    • Task 4 knowledge 2: Types and functions of prosthetic devices for upper and lower extremity amputations.
    • Task 4 knowledge 3: Implications of anatomical, physiological, biomechanical, cognitive, and socioeconomic factors and healing principles for orthotic selection, design, fabrication, and modification.
    • Task 4 knowledge 4: Client-centered education and training methods for the safe and effective use of orthotic and prosthetic devices.
    • Task 5: Integrate assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment into the intervention to enable participation in occupation.
    • Task 5 knowledge 1: Factors related to measuring, selecting, monitoring the fit of, and recommending modifications to seating systems, positioning devices, and mobility aids. Examples include equipment components; biomechanical considerations; usability and maintenance.
    • Task 5 knowledge 2: Types, characteristics, and features of high- and low-tech assistive technology and adaptive devices. Examples include interface options and processor parameters; equipment components.
    • Task 5 knowledge 3: Mobility options, vehicle adaptations, and alternative devices for supporting participation in community mobility. Examples include adapted driving controls; wheelchair tie downs; alternative transportation options; dynamic mobile standers; navigation apps.
    • Task 5 knowledge 4: Client factors influencing successful use and maintenance of assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment. Examples include developmental, physical, functional, cognitive, and mental health status; prioritized needs.
    • Task 5 knowledge 5: Client-centered education and training methods for successful use and maintenance of assistive technology options, adaptive devices, mobility aids, and other durable medical equipment.
    • Task 6: Implement environmental modifications, while considering accessibility guidelines, standards, and legislation, to support participation in occupation consistent with client needs and status, task demands, and context.
    • Task 6 knowledge 1: Principles of ergonomics and universal design for identifying, recommending, and implementing features and reasonable accommodations in the workplace, home, and virtual and public spaces.
    • Task 6 knowledge 2: Processes and procedures for identifying, recommending, and implementing modifications in the workplace, home, and virtual and public spaces.
  • Domain 3 — Uphold Professional Standards and Responsibilities: Uphold professional standards and responsibilities by achieving service competence and applying evidence-based interventions to promote quality in practice. (18%)
    • Task 1: Employ evidence-based strategies and approaches to provide safe, effective, and efficient services relevant to individuals, groups, and populations.
    • Task 1 knowledge 1: Methods for locating, reviewing, and interpreting scholarly research to guide practice-relevant decision-making. Examples include applying the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) model; identifying best evidence.
    • Task 1 knowledge 2: Methods for contributing to continuous quality improvement processes and procedures related to occupational therapy service delivery. Examples include program evaluation; acquiring information to measure outcomes.
    • Task 1 knowledge 3: Types of evidence-based programming for advancing population health outcomes. Examples include aging in place; fall prevention; health and wellness; community support groups.
    • Task 2: Incorporate risk management techniques at the individual and practice-setting levels to protect clients, self, staff, and others from injury or harm.
    • Task 2 knowledge 1: Infection control procedures and universal precautions for reducing transmission of contaminants. Examples include PPE; isolation precautions; cleaning equipment.
    • Task 2 knowledge 2: Responses to adverse reactions, minor injuries, and emergency situations. Examples include minor burns and cuts; seizures; diabetic reactions.
    • Task 2 knowledge 3: Preventive measures for minimizing risk and promoting safety. Examples include proper body mechanics; safety data sheet (SDS); standard operating procedures; equipment maintenance; emergency preparedness; personal safety in the client’s environment.
    • Task 2 knowledge 4: Strategies and resources to prevent professional burnout. Examples include assessment of personal needs; self-advocacy regarding workload; stress management.
    • Task 3: Provide occupational therapy services in accordance with laws, regulations, state occupational therapy practice acts, and accreditation guidelines to protect consumers and meet applicable reimbursement requirements related to the service delivery setting.
    • Task 3 knowledge 1: Application of federal regulations, state practice acts, facility policies, and accreditation guidelines related to service delivery across occupational therapy practice settings. Examples include health care legislation; accreditation organizations; licensing and credentialing.
    • Task 3 knowledge 2: Influence of reimbursement policies and guidelines on occupational therapy service delivery.
    • Task 3 knowledge 3: Accountability processes and procedures for justifying, tracking, and monitoring outcomes. Examples include relevant practice terminology; documentation guidelines.
    • Task 4: Engage in professional development and competency assessment activities relevant to the job role, practice setting, scope of practice, and professional certification standards.
    • Task 4 knowledge 1: Methods for identifying, documenting, and monitoring service competency and professional development needs. Examples include competency self-assessment; mentoring.
    • Task 4 knowledge 2: Application of ethical decision-making and professional behaviors guided by the NBCOT Practice Standards and Code of Conduct.
Examination sources